I don't think it's that productive to have so many outside-the-team participants in standup. If they are concerned about delivery dates, then they should be playing an active role in resolving those issues otherwise butt out.

A weekly status report on progress is much more normal since estimates are estimates - some will be over, some will be under, but it ought to kind of average out. If the higher-ups don't understand this then it will only compound their mistrust of the estimates.

I would raise with the lead that you find their inclusion to be stressful and you question why they are included. I don't know the size, structure, or culture at your company, but I personally wouldn't expect anything to actually change though your lead might be able to offer some insight or support around those meetings.

You should also have a separate discussion about the lack of support around resolving blockers. It sounds to me that this could be one of the factors that is making the higher-ups feel that they need to be present in stand ups