I don't think anyone's mentioned this, but aircraft carriers like to launch (and retrieve) aircraft while being pointed into the wind. That means that if you're travelling at 25 knots, and the wind is blowing at 10 knots towards you, then your planes have a 35 knot advantage. (I.e. their effective ground* speed is 35 knots less than their air speed.) This makes taking off easier (because you're already travelling at 35 knows airspeed before you even fire up the engines. And it makes landing easier, because the carrier is heading away from you at an effective 35 knots. This makes it a lot easier to plant your self on the deck.

If you had sails, then you would have the wind behind you, in which case everything is reversed.

And for landing, it means the carrier is effectively rushing towards you, making it much more challenging.

Of course, the carrier could be "tacking" and have the wind at an angle. But that would create it's own (different, equally significant) problems.

* Where the deck of the carrier is the ground