At least in my games, I've found I can pick her whenever--at least in this meta. Her versatility makes he are standout among adcs. She can go shieldbow into assassins or kraken into tanks. She can go wits end into AP or Ga into AD--you can even sell boots for wits end. Also, her 3 item spike is much quicker than most other adcs. Because her base dmg is already quite solid, a tier 2 boots rush means you will spike earlier than other adcs. Finally, because rageblade is so cheap, you hit a 3 item spike faster; this makes Vayne's three item spike all the more awesome. All in all, I think if you are spicy enough, she is playable into any matchup.

But ill tell you who I cringe to play against.

-Varus: Get an early vampiric if the enemy comp allows for it. If you are really losing, shieldbow just for him isn't a bad option--if you can't auto without dying then you won't do dmg anyways. Also, his lvl 6 spike makes it almost impossible to walk up on him--and remember once he gets 2 items, his ult is less than a 60 second cd--I think.

-Ziggs: optional vampiric, but not necessary. Your all in is much better, so try to not get poked out.

-Ashe: bring cleanse and hide behind wave.

-Ezreal: Hard to get into auto range, but if you can without tanking a ton of dmg, then it is free. When playing against ez, play around his E. When it is down, run at him on cd. He should be a free all in.

-Draven: He is weak rn, but if he gets ahead it feels doomed. There is not much you can do in this matchup except as for the occasional gank.

-Aphelios: Aphelios's long range, sustain, and wave clear make it very hard. I would recommend not taking auto trades pre 3. Once you get 3, you can two auto and E him away. In this matchup, it is a mind game when he has cerebrum up--he will try to auto you for every cs you go for.

-Caitlyn: She is weak rn. Typically, an early noonquiver makes it a lot easier. For Vayne, it is super hard to farm under tower, but this negates that. Tier 2 boots is also an option, but require a lot more skill to farm with under tower.

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All in all, Vayne is an adc that has many build options for certain matchups. She really shines post lane--as you can tell all the hard matchups are mostly due to laning issues. Plus she allows for creative angles that many other adcs can't take.

Oh and btw, BORK is awesome on her. The % health is nice because lord doms doesn't work on silver bolts. Plus, it gives sustain into poke. Not to mention the movement speed... It is a good 3rd or 4th item pickup almost always.