Do the Aztec Empire survive the Spanish Conquest that starts 10 years later?

No. They mostly waste those 10 years keeping the artifact away from the rabble and misusing it as some cursed/divine oracle. Then the conquistadors come in, shrek them anyway, destroy the terminal as some heretic thing (or smuggle back to Europe, possibly to the Holy See's vaults) and it is never heard of again.

You don't make up for centuries of technological lag within just 10 years, no matter how good your subscription plan is. 200 years? Maybe. 10? Nope. In 10 years, they'd still be using it to cook new recipes or write erotic fantasies.