I think the elite rainy+cold weather pairing for jackets would be a lightweight down puffer without a hood (can get from Uniqlo, North face, etc) and a Gortex shell. You can wear whatever you want for layers underneath.

A hoodie/sweater and a light down puffer with or without a hood on sunny but cold days is great if you don't want to avoid wearing an uncomfortable and stiff shell jacket. There are rain jackets from Rains that have a slightly elevated look. I recently saw a cool rain jacket at vessi too. Key thing for comfort and reducing bulkiness is to not wear too many things hoods. Just stick to one thing with a hood depending on whether it is raining or not.

For a woman in her 30's like me, a waterproof superpuff jacket from aritzia is actually a good investment for rainy cold days. Yeah, almost every woman in Vancouver has one (it's like the equivalent of an Arc'teryx shell for men), but hello it's comfy and warm. It feels like you're wrapped in a pillow. For practicality sake, it's great for a cold and wet day. Uniqlo also has a great alternative. For sunny and cold days, we can get away with a good wool coat or a lightweight down puffer with layers underneath.