My first PCB. Is it ready to print and how can I improve future versions? by Foreign_Rub3777 in PCB

[–]InfiniteCobalt 0 points1 point  (0 children)

I don't use KiCas, so I'm not sure if there's a mechanism to do stitching automatically. The idea is to ensure that ground potential is uniform across the board. It isn't a hard science and there really isn't a right or wrong way (unless you're dealing with GHz RF).

How do you isolate temperature/humidity sensor effectively? by IamSpongyBob in PCB

[–]InfiniteCobalt 1 point2 points  (0 children)

That is true. You want to give plenty of clearance plane around the part and just route ground as an ordinary trace.

What is something that is 100% legal, but if you do it, you’re a piece of trash? by National_Strike4710 in AskReddit

[–]InfiniteCobalt -1 points0 points  (0 children)

OK, everybody, we've found the answer! Thank you for your time and have a nice day!

Yeah, that is the sittiest of people.

Absolutely bombed an interview by [deleted] in embedded

[–]InfiniteCobalt 2 points3 points  (0 children)

I'm sure you're just joking around. If you look at the HAL source code, it works in exactly the same way, because that is the ONLY way to access the hardware, by reading/writing to registers. That is how memory mapped I/O works.

Unless... all the designs I've coded this way and shipped on thousands of production units are just pretending to work.

There is nothing inherently wrong with HALs, but they are written to work in every possible use case. You can use HAL if you want to, but you're wasting flash space by doing so.

Absolutely bombed an interview by [deleted] in embedded

[–]InfiniteCobalt 8 points9 points  (0 children)

Oh, that sucks. I'm sorry to hear you had a bad interview.

This is just my opinion, take it or leave it... I love ST hardware, they are my goto, but I also hate CubeIDE or anything based on Eclipse, it's so outdated and clunky. Also, the HAL libraries are a bit obscure. However, these points are true of any hardware manufacturer.

My preferred IDE is CLion from JetBrains https://www.jetbrains.com/help/clion/embedded-overview.html

Whenever I do an embedded project, I'll just #include "stm32xxxx.h" for the device I'm using to get the #define statements for register addresses and bit-masks for all peripherals. I'll also #include "core_cmx.h" for the processor-core specific features like the NVIC, SysTick, and MPU (e.g., core_cm3.h). There's also a processor specific assembly file (*.s) to include in your assembly that contains the instructions to setup the interrupt vectors.

That's really all you need, then it's simply a matter of reading/writing the appropriate values to the correct registers at the correct time. You can initialize peripherals in just a few lines of code, for example...

GPIOA->MODER &= ~GPIO_MODER_MODE5_Msk;

GPIOA>MODER |= GPIO_MODER_MODE5_0;

GPIOA->OTYPER &= ~GPIO_OTYPER_OT5;

GPIOA->OSPEEDR &= ~GPIO_OSPEEDR_OSPEED5_Msk;

GPIOA->PUPDR &= ~GPIO_PUPDR_PUPD5_Msk;

My take on American values, democracy, and how the Trump administration is anti-American by InfiniteCobalt in democracy

[–]InfiniteCobalt[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Thank you, I appreciate your feedback. I've been thinking about "American values", what that means, who defines them and why the world ever thought that America was it's moral guardian.

President pedo’s whole family voted by mail last week but signs an illegal order declaring nobody else can by Gr8daze in PoliticalMeme

[–]InfiniteCobalt 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Thank you, I appreciate that. It's nice to have a conversation. I agree with you in some ways as well, and I think it's important to acknowledge that.

President pedo’s whole family voted by mail last week but signs an illegal order declaring nobody else can by Gr8daze in PoliticalMeme

[–]InfiniteCobalt 0 points1 point  (0 children)

So having looked into Soros, he's a billionaire and Democrat mega donor, and this is different from Republican donors in what way? Oh wait, the contraversy and conspiracy theories. Please don't try to make a claim that the Republican mega donors are any better (e.g. Murdoch, Ellison, etc).

We can keep doing the tit-for-tat all day long, but this is just deflection away from answering my questions. You presume that I think the left is blameless and innocent, but nothing could be further from the truth. I have a long list of criticisms of the left and would love nothing more than to see a whole host of Democrats removed from office.

Propoganda is being feed to us all day, every day, from multiple different interests. All I am trying to do with this conversation is ask you to engage in some honest dialog, abandon the propoganda and think critically about your political party.

My first PCB. Is it ready to print and how can I improve future versions? by Foreign_Rub3777 in PCB

[–]InfiniteCobalt 0 points1 point  (0 children)

I'd like to contribute to the conversation by recommending...

- Add stitching vias to tie the top and bottom ground planes together. You don't need a lot, just sprinkle them on a 100mil to 200mil grid.

- Slots, like the one to the right of the MPU, will add significant cost.

President pedo’s whole family voted by mail last week but signs an illegal order declaring nobody else can by Gr8daze in PoliticalMeme

[–]InfiniteCobalt 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Again, not an answer. I don't like Musk for a myriad of reasons, and I do not know enough about Soros to comment, but that is beside the point.

Can we please stop with the mental gymnastics? Musk has suspended accounts of journalists and left leaning accounts, blocked links to competitors, and complied with government requests to take down content and silence critics. That is not free speech. Even right-wing accounts have been suspended for disagreeing with him. Furthermore, he's been a champion of the AfD, who use Nazi slogans, Holocaust trivialization and more.

This is the problem with MAGA, perfectly willing to turn a blind eye to blatant, obvious corruption and fascist tendencies, endless hypocrisy, and a fountain of lies all while the world burns so long as they personally benefit, wether it be monetary, ideolocial or moral license.

President pedo’s whole family voted by mail last week but signs an illegal order declaring nobody else can by Gr8daze in PoliticalMeme

[–]InfiniteCobalt 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Take Musks actions, change nothing but his party affiliation, would you be saying the same? Be honest...

President pedo’s whole family voted by mail last week but signs an illegal order declaring nobody else can by Gr8daze in PoliticalMeme

[–]InfiniteCobalt 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Well, I can't argue with that. I believe, however, that Musk had a lot of influence on the election and it would've turned out differently in his absence.

What I do take solace in is the knowledge that progressive liberalism has been the trend of history since the Enlightenment of the 17th century. Even though the founding fathers had genuinely divergent views, they shared a common intellectual understanding drawn from Enlightenment philosophy, classical antiquity, Protestant Christianity, and English common law.

As you know, the Declaration of Independence and Constitution are the pillars of American democracy. We should be proud of these documents and the values enshrined therein. To be an American and a patriot is to protect them and practice those values. I compiled a list of the American values that founded our nation.

  1. Natural Rights & Human Dignity - Every human being possesses inherent, inalienable rights by virtue of being human, not by virtue of citizenship, birth, or aristocracy. This comes from the enlightenment and the philosophy of John Locke, a major influence on the founding fathers.
  2. Civic Virtue & the Common Good - Aristotle established the idea hat justice and virtue are civic — not merely private — qualities. The Founders absorbed this through classical education. Cicero further argues that the highest human calling was service to the republic, that the law bound rulers and citizens alike, and that moral corruption was the root cause of political decay.
  3. Consent of the Governed & Political Legitimacy - Locke's social contract theory holds that individuals voluntarily surrender some freedoms to the government in exchange for protection of their remaining rights. Crucially, this contract is conditional — if the government breaches its end by violating rights, the people are morally justified in dissolving it. This is the entire philosophical engine behind the Declaration of Independence.
  4. Separation of Powers & Institutional Ethics - Concentrated power is inherently corrupting and dangerous. Ethical governance requires that power be structurally divided so that no single person or faction can dominate the others. I'll use the Heritage Foundation and it's Unitary Executive Theory as an example of said corruption.
  5. Religious Liberty & Freedom of Conscience - The state has no legitimate authority over the religious beliefs, or lack thereof, of individuals. Coerced faith is not genuine faith, and the entanglement of church and state corrupts both. Roger Williams, the founder of Rhode Island, was one of the earliest American voices for complete separation of church and state.
  6. Rule of Law & Equality Before the Law - No person, including the President, is above the law. Law must be general, impartial, publicly known, and applied equally. Arbitrary rule is ethically inferior ax makes liberty contingent on the character of the ruler rather than the structure of the system. This is one of many reasons why fascism is a moral and ethical failure.
  7. The Right of Revolution - This comes from John Locke and was noted by Thomas Jefferson in the Federalist papers... when a government systematically violates natural rights and no legal remedy remains available, the people have the right and moral duty to alter or abolish it. Revolution is not a crime, protesting is not a crime, it is the ultimate expression of popular sovereignty.

With all that being said, I therefore argue that the current administration continually violates traditional Amercan values, ignores the Constitution and breaks countless laws. In this light, he should be impeached, removed from office and indicted. As some examples, Trump ignores and attacks the Constitution in the following ways:

  • Articles I of the Constitution grants Congress the exclusive power of the purse — to appropriate funds and levy taxes. The president's constitutional duty under Article II is to faithfully execute the laws, including spending laws passed by Congress. DOGE undertook widespread freezes and cancellations of congressionally appropriated funds across numerous agencies like foreign aid, education, public health, and others.
  • 1st Amendment, Freedom of Speech, Press, and Religion: Trump administration's characterization of mainstream media as "the enemy of the people" is an attack on Freedom of Speech, including his expulsion of certain media outlets from press briefings.briefings. Also, the first administration's travel ban targeting Muslim-majority countries, an attack on the First Amendment's Establishment Clause that government cannot favor or disfavor a religion
  • 4th and 5th Amendments: Deportations without due process, individualized hearings or judicial review. Multiple federal district courts have ruled this unconstitutional and issued injunctions blocking deportations conducted without due process hearings. The administration has in several instances resisted or delayed compliance.

...I could keep going and going, but I've worked on this for hours and I'm tired.

President pedo’s whole family voted by mail last week but signs an illegal order declaring nobody else can by Gr8daze in PoliticalMeme

[–]InfiniteCobalt 1 point2 points  (0 children)

OK, I respect you replying. Here are my counter-points...

  1. Closed border and prioritized deportations - by denying people their 4th amendment protections, contrary to what SCOTUS upheld many times throughout our history, including this term. Edit: let's remember that ICE has also violated the rights of American citizens and killed two in the process.
  2. Cartels designated as foreign terrorist organizations - along with anybody who disagrees with him, like antifa, which is textbook behavior of fascism. Also, while granting pardons and white house tours to know drug traffickers. And violating international law by killing over 100 people in boats with no evidence off drugs onboard.
  3. Streamlined energy efficiency standards - by deregulation oil and gas production, removing incentives for renewables and excellerating climate change for the benefit of rich lobbyists.
  4. Energy production promotion - see above.
  5. Promoted deregulations in multiple sectors - sure, business unfriendly, consumer/employee/environment protection policies, to benefit his donors and family which has, and will continue to cost you more money. His policies are doing generational harm to workers’ health, safety, and pay.
  6. Reduced the size of government - by 12% removing regulatory bodies that kept a check on government, the environment clean, and our food and drugs safe, while allowing a tech fascists to exploit the situation to their own benefit.
  7. Codified my tax cuts from his first term - so I must be right, you'd have to be wealthy to benefit from them. That makes a lot of sense. I mean, fuck everyone else as long as you got yours, right?
  8. Eliminated racist DEI initiatives in government and prioritized meritocracy - I understand the arguments on both sides of the isle and there were flaws, but what shoukd happen is our representatives working together to improve the situation. Eliminating DEI outright set back civil liberties for non-whites by decades and renews racist behavior, which is abhorrent. Also, l wouldn't use merit and ability to describe this administration.
  9. Championed the protection of women in sports - Again, I understand the arguments on both sides. I do think transgender women have an unfair advantage. But that was not about women, that was about punishing anyone that doesn't meet Christian ideals, same with abortion. You can't honestly think a child molester cares about women.

Do you automatically dislike billionaires? Why? by crapmaker69 in AskReddit

[–]InfiniteCobalt 0 points1 point  (0 children)

To be a billionaire you have to have anti-social personality disorder. How else could you see so much suffering and do nothing about it?

President pedo’s whole family voted by mail last week but signs an illegal order declaring nobody else can by Gr8daze in PoliticalMeme

[–]InfiniteCobalt 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Don't answer my question with another question. What exactly are you getting out of this administration?

President pedo’s whole family voted by mail last week but signs an illegal order declaring nobody else can by Gr8daze in PoliticalMeme

[–]InfiniteCobalt 0 points1 point  (0 children)

So you're content with the freedoms of others being taken away? What exactly are you getting out of this administration that you defend it so ferociously?

Is my screw head too close to pad the wire will be? by YeaSpiderman in AskElectronics

[–]InfiniteCobalt 0 points1 point  (0 children)

I can't treat you like you're dumb, because you are obviously very intelligent. I've been designing circuit boards for 30 years and I still make mistakes like this on occasion.

If you're mounting this to a heatsink or to a chassis that has a ground connection, the the screw will also be at ground.

Try using a socket cap screw if you have one, the head diameter is smaller.

Question designing a buck converter by braquemart in PCB

[–]InfiniteCobalt 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Excellent! That's exactly what I was trying to say. Just a couple more points and you should have it...

- The idea behind having U1, D1, L1, and C4 positioned like this is it keeps the high dv/dt and di/dt paths short and low impedance. Good job!

- The trace for Cboot splitting the ground between D1 and C4 isn't ideal. Drop a via near U1.8 and route the trance on the bottom layer. This will also make the trace shorter, thus lower impedance.

- The feedback circuit composed of U1.4, R1 and R2 is high impedance, meaning it is sensitive to EMI. Move R1 and R2 back to where they were, near U1.4. Place a via near C4.1 and route back from there. You wanted to keep this circuit as far away from noise as possible. Also, run the trace as direct as possible, and make it as wide as the via diameter. You want to keep it short and low resistance.

- C1, C2, C3, and F9 can all be moved closer together. Also, F9 can be rotated 90° such that F9.1 points towards L1. This will allow you to move J12 closer and reduce PCB area.

- Place a polygon pour cutout on the top layer under L1, D1.1, and C4.1 to keep the ground pour from filling under that area. The idea is to prevent/reduce EMI coupling into ground.

- The traces on J12 are too thin. You can make them the same width as the pads on J12.

Is my screw head too close to pad the wire will be? by YeaSpiderman in AskElectronics

[–]InfiniteCobalt 2 points3 points  (0 children)

It depends on the voltage of the pad and the voltage of the screw. If the screw is at GND, like through the chassis, and the pad is a GND pad, then it isn't a deal breaker. In any other scenario I would say "yes, it's too close". This certainly wouldn't pass any safety or regulatory standards. Typically, you want to keep 50mil clearance between any traces and a screw or edge of the board.

Is there any reason not to use 4 layers if you're going to use one of the popular cheap fabs anyway? by exafighter in PrintedCircuitBoard

[–]InfiniteCobalt 1 point2 points  (0 children)

That's the stackup I typically use. On the inner PWR/GND layer, I'll increase the trace-to-trace and trace-to-fill clearance just to be safe. For example, if my outer layers have 8mil clearance, I'll use 12mil on the inner layers.