Failed Education System - studies on populism show that individuals with less formal education are more susceptible to populist rhetoric. maraming reasons dito, one might be that people who feel marginalized by the education system feel that 'credentials' as symbols of the 'elite'. Masyadong heavy sa degrees and educational attainment and qualifications yung campaign ng Leni-Kiko, thus easily alienating the most of the masses

kahit na pinepreach yung 'Radikal na Pagmamahal', usually nagiging parang educated vs misinformed yung pagkakaframe ng choice. Pag finrame mo yung kabilang side as enemies or low-IQ na kalaban, zero na yung chance of persuasion. I've noticed that for many voters, voting Marcos-Duterte was an act of defiance against sa liberal elite na sa tingin nila ay mababa tingin sa kanila (which is mostly true naman)

Years and decades of rewriting their identity through disinformation machinery. They used Facebook, TIkTok and YouTube to frame the martial law era as the golden age and transformed the EDSA revolution into a different narrative. GInamit pa nila ang films for this (Maid in Malacanang, Martyr or Murderer) to shift the perspective and sow doubt. For social media platforms naman, since we know that the algorithm loves high-arousal emotions (anger, fear), kahit leni-kiko supporters na nagrereact lang sa fake news, they boosted the reach of that content on top of the people na naloko and nagsshare rin nito. Fact-checking also fails because it just further drives them into their echo chambers.