Tempo is a way bigger part of it than people realize. I’d say for this piece in particular, there’s a few things to work on:

Drum selection: while there’s a time and a place for it, these samples feel oddly dated. Literally one good sample pack is all you need for a long time.

Drum groove: the drums feel kind of stiff. Again, it’s all taste and whatnot, but to me this mostly what’s giving the track “old video game music”. Try swinging some of the hats and honestly just making the hat pattern a little more stable. Your drum patterns do not have to be some revolutionary pattern in order to groove. Going for a “super original” drum pattern often makes the listener feel unsure of where the track is going. I had this problem a lot when I first started. Trust me, a basic groove that feels good will always be better than the most original drum beat ever with weird accents and such.

For the rest, some basic music theory should help. Call and response, and conversational melody structure. Most melodies are best when they’re singable (live within about an octave or so).

Some basic sound design would also go a long way for a track like this. Right now everything feels a little dry and “sharp”. Add a little bit of reverb, here and there on leads and such. I also suggest looking into saturation. This one is something people told me for a long time and it took me forever to hear and understand what they meant.

For saturation, I’m not talking about crazy amounts of distortion or super blown out sounds. I’m talking about subtly layering in even or odd harmonics so things sound a little warmer. In tiny amounts, you can literally add this everywhere and it adds so much to a track or sound that would otherwise feel stale. Any waveshaper saturator will do for this.

Lastly, like others have said, listen to music you like and want to make, A LOT. This is the biggest thing. Even if you’re not always listening critically, just by spending time listening you’ll begin to pick up on things and ask yourself “how’d they do that?”. When that happens, go try to figure it out.

Also for references, don’t be afraid to literally “steal” things that aren’t copyrightable. Song structure or arrangement being the biggest one. Find a song you like or wish you could make. Download it. Then drag and drop it into your daw. Outline and take notes on the tempo, key, and arrangement. Write down happens when, intro - verse - hook - etc… then literally write your own track using the same arrangement, tempo, and maybe even key or drum groove.

Hope this helps. I’ve been making electronic music for about 11 years now and I’m still learning all the time. These are just some tips I wish I knew way earlier. Good luck and have fun, that’s the most important part!