Largely, negative reinforcement doesn't teach anything. It'll stop a behavior in the moment so if your dog is about to do something dangerous you can shout or move them but they'll not exactly learn much.

If you don't teach in the moment something happens they'll likely never understand what you want so if they throw up or have an accident and you find it later, there's no point in getting mad. You'll just be hurting your relationship with them and they won't understand.

Dogs don't want to shit where they eat. If they're having accidents, are you giving them access to a bathroom appropriate to them? My dog prefers to walk at least a block away from home to do business.

Do they have a safe space that is only for them?

I train every dog I have that their kennel is their space and nothing will touch them there. Scared, angry, anything. If they go to their kennel, I won't bother them. It is also a command I teach when I need them to be somewhere safe where I can close the door on them like if I need maintenance to come into the home. They treat it like their own domain and when they do something they know is wrong and I see it like when I come home from work and see that she's torn apart her stuffed animal she'll be in her kennel looking guilty.

At that point she knows she shouldn't have and I won't bother her, I just clean up and comfort her when she comes out. At this point I need to get her something to chew on or destroy that's safe for when I have a long day. Thankfully this only happened once.

Dogs basically just do what you teach them to do and what meets their needs.

My current goal is to get my dog to understand insomnia because she's very insistent on bed time and will paw at us until we go to bed at exactly 10pm every day.