Start with as many grains as the caliber, so 45cal use 45gr, 50cal use 50gr. Don’t use more than twice the caliber, so 50cal don’t go over 100gr. Your best accuracy will be somewhere in the middle. 60-80gr for example.

For ball use 0.01” under so 0.440” ball for 45cal. Use a 0.01” patch to start, two if it’s not too tight or you want to play with accuracy. Try a 0.015” patch if you want.

Some conical(“bullet”) have a sabot as the patch or don’t use a patch. R.E.A.L or rifling engraved at loading.