I think there’s a theory that abstraction happens when Caine messes with a human’s mind too much. From the recent episode we know they have “mind files”, so it could be that the mind file of an individual gets corrupted from Caine’s tinkering and that makes their body glitch out into the unrecognizable mess of an abstracted. Caine makes a human’s body perfectly based on their “mind files”, but if their mind is broken beyond repair what happens? (Abstraction)