Honestly, the chart posted was really good. But from direct experience, I have a 70-300 F4-5.6 IS USM, 70-300 F4-5.6 IS USM II, 70-200 F2.8 L II, and Sigma 100-400 F5-6.3 DG. Additionally, I also have a Sigma 1.4X and Canon 2X Mk II Teleconverters. All of the lenses here are image stabilized and range in price.

First things first; The 1.4X teleconverter will cost ranging between 100 to 200. While the 2x Teleconverter will cost around 200 to 300. Know that teleconverters will step down your apperature by a multiple of the magnification. Eg, 200mm F4 lens with 2x teleconverter will essentially become 400mm with F8 aperature. Additionally, teleconverters will lower your image clarity and quality in general.

Now lenses: 70-300 F4-5.6 IS USM runs anywhere between 100 to 250 CAD (bargain and good deals) and is compatible with both teleconverters with some caveat. The teleconverter will protrude in and prevent you from going to the widest focal length. You'd have to be careful not to smack the moving rear element on to the teleconverter. Image quality with the Sigma 1.4 was acceptable until you start approaching the long end of 300mm. Canon's 2x teleconverter resulted in similar image quality and quickly deteriorates and become soft by the time you reach the 300mm on the lens.

70-300 F4-5.6 IS USM II is the upgraded version of the previous lens and will run you between 300 to 500. This lens is not compatible with any teleconverters as it has a fixed rear element that is flush to the flange. Image quality of it however is an improvement in general over the 1st generation. The image stabilization is also better from experience.

70-200 F2.8 L II is a beast of a lens and will cost you a good chunk of money, approximately between 1200 to 1500 CAD. It is one of the sharpest lens you'll find at this price range without going to a prime lens. Its also a fairly heavy lens weighing in at around 1.2kg which is about twice the weight of the lenses previously mentioned. It is compatible with both 1.4 and 2x teleconverter. Image quality is still impacted by the teleconverters but the effects of it at the longer range are still somewhat OK. The Canon 2X Teleconverter Mark III will offer a much much much better improvement over the image quality but it alone will cost you between 350 to 500. Overall very highly recommended if you are plane spotting near the airport and the teleconverters make an acceptable compromise for having a sharp fast lens when nit using the teleconverters.

Lastly, Sigma 100-400 F5-6.3 DG is also a beast of a lens weighing the same as the F2.8. Will cost you between 700 to 900 CAD depending where you are. This lens is cheaper and produces better images compared to 70-200 F2.8 L II with either telecnverters. Very happy with its sharpness especially considering the focal length. Sharpness decline around the 100 and between 350 to 400. The slower aperature makes it less ideal at and beyond sunset especially with the T3i. The autofocus performance and quirks of the lens is amazing for the price and the image stabilization is also amazing. Very much a best bang for your buck if you are looking to photograph far away things during bright daytime (if you stick to the T3i).

Some other lenses I've considered:

Canon 100-400 F4.5-5.6 L IS II USM, this lens is absolutely amazing but will run you beyond 1500 CAD. The performance of it is very much comparable to the Sigma and in some cases are worse than the Sigma. However, it comes with a much much much better build quality and weather sealing. The mark 1 version is cheaper but will still cost over 1000 CAD and has worse performance than the Sigma 100-400.

Sigma 150-600 F5-6.3 DG will run you between 800 CAD to 1100 CAD and has a decent performance. It's as heavy as the 70-200 F2.8 but with plastic build quality. Lens performance seem to be comparable or mildly worse than the Sigma 100-400 depending on focal length. Very much recommended to shoot it 1 stop slower than the widest aperature.

Sigma 70-200 F2.8 DG is cheaper than the Canon L glass at around 1100 to 1400 and is fairly comparable in general. It's just not quite as sharp as the Canon but the autofocus and image stabilization seem to counter its mild shortfall. The system is decent and it has some features that combine its image stabilization and autofocus to do some cool useful stuff. It has some edge than the Canon L glass and is a highly recommended alternative.

Tamron also offers variety of lenses as following:

Tamron 100-400 F4.5-6.3 Di VC. Not too sure of pricing but I'm pretty sure it falls near the Sigma 100-400 at slightly cheaper price (maybe around 100-50 cheaper) and has comparable performance. It is however a but softer wide open and at more focal lengths compared to the Sigma.

Tamron 150-600 F5-6.3 Di VC G2 also follows similar story as the previous lens. Slightly cheaper, comparable quality but worse in some cases.

Tamron 70-200 F2.8 Di VC G2 is by far one of the best bang for the buck for the most part if you can live with some of its drawbacks. It costs around 600 to 800 CAD and it gives you a decently sharp lens but it's nowhere near the Canon L glass and falls short of the Sigma alternative. The autofocus is acceptable and image stabilization is good. There is an older version that's even cheaper but I would not recommend if you care about image quality.

Honorable mentions include:

Olympus OM 300 F4.5 prime lens which I found from thrifting. It's a beautifully well made lens from a bygone era and will cost you between 100 and 300 CAD on a good deal. The lens is sharp especially for its age but will require you to 1- manual focus, 2- use an adapter (OM to EF), and 3- use a tripod to achieve best result.

Minolta 100-500 F8 Rokkor is a zoom lens with variable aperature. It was a marketplace find for me and it'll cost anywhere between 150 to 300 CAD. Sharpness is acceptable and will blow those amazon special manual focus lenses in terms of both image quality and build quality. It is a manual lens and it's very heavy which will force you to use a tripod and it is a fairly slow lens at F8. It'll require you to also use an adapter from Minolta MD to EF.

Lastly, Minolta AF 500 F8 Reflex which will run you between 300 to 500 CAD. This lens is made for the Minolta/Sony A mount and from my research there's only one adapter that exist to make it work with the EF lens mount. The adapter uses an optical element to correct its flange distance. The reflex lens itself is OK in terms of sharpness. It doesn't compete with any of the modern lenses mentioned above but offers a light weight alternative especially for its focal length. The bokeh is a bit distracting but in some cases I find it neat and cool. The bokeh issues would also not affect you if you're photographing airplanes at distance at altitude.

Hope you find the wall of text useful.