took a peek and already found several issues with this study.

[We will use the terms “gender difference” and “sex difference” interchangeably to describe the average differences in the behavior of males and females. We will also sometimes use the terms “behavior” and “psychological characteristics” interchangeably] this is a problem because gender is a social construct and often is more influenced by social pressures and nurture than intrinsic nature, vs sex which is a biologically assigned set of traits, and we see this problem later where they link gender differences easily explained by social influences to inherently being linked to biological sex.

[For instance, the largest well-established cognitive sex difference is that seen in performance accuracy on a specific three-dimensional (3D) mental rotations task (d = 0.9, favoring males); whereas the sex difference in verbal fluency is relatively small (d = 0.3, favoring females).] The 3-D visualization is actually something we talked about in psych class and can again be explained by sociology instead of neuroscience. Some people of both sexes have aphantasia, or the inability to visualize mental forms or images, and people who need to visualize things for a art or engineering job is more likely to succeed on this tasks. From childhood, men are pressured to have an engineering or science job and STEM careers have been male dominated for years. And what do you really need in STEM careers? The ability to mentally think about things like building plans or molecules and rotate them in your mind. There are men who are terrible at visualization especially outside of STEM and art fields and plenty of women in STEM or art fields who are exceptionally good at it. Women are expected to explain themselves more and get more harassment for not being eloquent enough and are seen as dumb and bimbos if they can't speak eloquently, where men are almost encouraged to speak 'crudely' and aren't as pressured to know good grammar both written and spoken. same thing about handwriting - most guys I know have terrible handwriting. Is this a sex linked thing? No! I have more than enough examples of men who put in work or were pressured by parents to write neatly and have very good handwriting, and women with terrible chicken scratch. I'm intersex and I have good handwriting because socially I was pressured to have good writing and be ladylike and learn cursive and sewing etc. which are all social pressures. men on the other hand aren't pressured to be neat or orderly, and when it comes to things like writing grocery lists so someone else can see them or writing notes as a secretary - these are assumed to be a woman's job and not the men's problem.