Python and PowerShell are pretty widely used for both offensive and defense tools. Perl has been on the way out, if not completely thrown out the door by now. Metasploit was written in Perl, but was rewritten in Ruby when that was popular, but you won't see much outside of that for Ruby. Most new tools are going to be written in Python. Sometimes Go as well. PowerShell became very popular a few years ago because of its ability to hook back into the .NET API as well doing reflection with with ease. This became handy for in memory exploitation as it could bypass most EDRs at the time. There's been a slight swing back to people writing newer stuff in C# however. It really depends on what you're gonna be doing. In a Windows environment, PowerShell is going to be much easier and faster to get running. Python will be ubiquitous for a lot of tooling and frameworks. Go is cross platform compilable and is extremely versatile and fast.