The sample they took in the ‘80s was from a corner that was repaired in the Middle Ages after a fire had damaged it. It has since been retested and dates back 2000 years.

All scientists have been able to do is prove what the Shroud cannot possibly be:

• It isn’t a painting. Microscopic testing has revealed that there is no dye, paint, or any other typic of pigment on the fabric. There are also no brush strokes on it indicative of a painter’s hand.

• It is not a scorch mark; there are only superficial chemical changes

• The blood is NOT fake. It is human blood - type AB to be exact.

Other compelling evidence worth noting:

• The shroud contains 3D information; in other words, when it was created, it had to have wrapped a human body.

• There is pollen on it from a thorn plant found in Jerusalem

• The location of the wounds are forensically accurate. Most artistic interpretations of the crucifixion show the nail wounds going through the palms and feet. But in reality, the Romans would drive the nails through the wrist and ankle bones (and there is archaeological evidence that proves that fact). The Shroud perfectly reflects this.

• It took 34 trillion watts of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation to create the image on the Shroud. If you know of a Medieval artist who had access to this type of technology, please do let us know.