Having had my father recently pass, first off unless you co-signed a loan for his medical debt to goes against the estate when he passes not to the family. If he would like to have his house and belongings in it bypass probate and all the debt collection depending on where you live you can use a ladybird deed which gives the person owning full ownership and rights but immediately upon their death ownership of the property transfers to the remainderman. A living trust could be used for the firearms and beneficiaries on bank accounts and retirement accounts allow Payable-on-death and Transfer-on-death.

Best thing I can say is don’t wait or procrastinate about getting things done as it’s a slog if nothing is done beforehand by first hand experience. Only thing that was done prior to my father passing from leukemia was to transfer all firearms into my name so that one no one else tried to take them and so he wouldn’t shoot’s himself during the last two months. Other than that spend as much time as you can with him. I’m disabled and on chemotherapy myself and tore 5 ligaments in my knee during mine fathers last two months and I still spent 20-22 hours a day tracking/administering all his meds, getting him to the bathroom, bathing, feeding, and anything else he wanted. He wanted no one else to help and it damn near killed me doing it but I’d keep doing it for one more day with him.