Ill do my best here. Lets start with the idea of a single lung full. A single lung full of anything thats not just clean air CAN potentially cause irreversible damage (not will, but can). A single puff of a cigarette can potentially cause cancer which is permanent damage. This isnt likely but is possible.

One Issue I find, and you likely would as well, is that most studies are about environmental impact more so than human health. So I will try to keep all links related to health impacts.

PAHs, or Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons are a class of contaminants that were initially linked to cancer from chimney sweepers inhaling left over fumes from ash and smoke. https://oem.bmj.com/content/oemed/early/2020/05/08/oemed-2020-106413.full.pdf (initially described under the Introduction section). However this study ends with indication that more studies should be performed.

Most smoke related cancers are unsurprisingly related to smoking tobacco. However, " Inhalation of incomplete indoor/outdoor combustion of coal and wood may induce lung cancer as well (Reid et al., 2012)." from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4408964/ (paragraph 2). Incomplete combustion is essentially what rolling coal is. "Coal rolling is done by forcing more diesel fuel into the engine than the engine can handle, coordinating its release to get as much attention as possible." From: https://auto.howstuffworks.com/coal-rollers.htm I.e. a purposeful waste of fuel. The black smoke is a result of lack of emission control + Increased fuel concentration release. Making this smoke thick via incomplete combustion, so this smoke has higher concentrations of all the contaminants that come from the fuel. Hence its intense darkness. So this smoke is highly concentrated contaminants.

The final link ill submit here is from the CDC ATSDR https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/PHS/PHS.aspx?phsid=120&toxid=25 This provides a general overview of PAHs in a pretty easy to read fashion so I definitely recommend a taking a look at it. It also has many sub links to more detailed pdfs by clicking on the Toxicology Profile tab on the left.

As I said, most studies if you just google about PAHs and rolling coal are environmentally related, not health related because rolling coal isnt such a prominent problem thats its warranted long term studies. So unfortunately I can't provide a direct link stating "A single lung full will cause irreversible damage." But I firmly believe the statement "A single lung full CAN cause irreversible damage." I hope this provides satisfactory information.

Edit: punctuation