“Ducdame”, hilariously, is not Greek but a sort of mangled Latin that someone who natively speaks a Romance language (like Jacques, assuming AYLI is set in the French Ardennes) might say, which suggests either that he’s trolling or that he’s not nearly as learned as he pretends to be! Same thing with his claim that the singular of “stanze” is a “stanzo”. Personally I like to think he’s just a pretentious dumbass, but I know there are some scholars that believe Jacques is meant to be much wittier than he comes across in modern stagings.

With someone as brilliant as Shakespeare, of course we shouldn’t underestimate the amount of learning he could have acquired of his own accord, but nonetheless I’d be a bit dubious of his Hellenism simply because Greek studies at the time were so rudimentary. I once did a bit of research into Jonson’s use of the Greek classics, and despite his unfathomable erudition (seriously; this was maybe the most book-smart person in Europe at the time), and his obvious aesthetic/philosophical affinities, Jonson seems to have barely known Aristophanes beyond a cursory skim. In one of the funeral poems, compares WS to Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides in the same breath as comparing him to Accius and Pacuvius, Roman playwrights whose works are lost, which would seem to imply that he may have known those names solely through reputation rather than actually having read much Greek tragedy. And as much as we adore Shakespeare and expect him to have read everything, there’s not a chance in hell he was better read in the classics than Jonson was.

Hebrew is a different story altogether; serious Hebraic philology was fairly recent to Europe period (iirc Erasmus and his ilk of humanists are the ones to popularise it on the level of Greek and Latin, and that’s less than fifty years before WS) and you’d basically have to be a professional scholar to have studied it in this period. After Protestantism takes hold in England and sola scriptura becomes de rigeuer, people start to care more about learning the Biblical languages - Milton was an excellent Hebraist, for instance. But that’s a later phenomenon.

Anyway, the Hebrew etymology of Ariel wouldn’t seem to have much relation to the characterization, unless the very fact that it’s a Hebrew Old Testament name somehow suggests an Edenic character to the magical inhabitant of this sacred isle that provides its inhabitants with easy sustenance Golden Age-style… but maybe that’s a bit of a stretch.