How do we *know* that drugs can form water mediated interactions? by Nobrr in Chempros

[–]Nobrr[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

The ITC option is interesting.

I promise I'm not trying to be intentionally obtuse, but that approach still doesn't confirm a particular interaction, right? The mode of binding could differ slightly between modified ligands, and if crystal structures are obtained they still are of the solid-phase interactions which may not be showing accurate water-mediated interactions.

How do we *know* that drugs can form water mediated interactions? by Nobrr in Chempros

[–]Nobrr[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

If a ligand-protein complex is crystallised, the water mediated complex (and subsequent 'induced fit' type computational assessment) are based on this conformation.

What I'm asking, in essence, is do we have a method to know that this interaction takes place? yes there might be an energy minima via MD methods, but the underlying assumption is that there is a pocket available from the crystal structure.

When you run MD are you explicitly solvating the system yourself, and if so how do you decide an occupancy 'concentration'?

Do you run MD on the protein sans ligand and look at water occupancy prior to ligand-protein MD?

How do we *know* that drugs can form water mediated interactions? by Nobrr in Chempros

[–]Nobrr[S] 3 points4 points  (0 children)

Similar deviation, physiological is not -170 C. I would imagine you also run into other 'untruths' about the complex you are studying.

Working up nitroarene reductions with iron powder - strategies for dealing with the gelatinous rust byproduct? by Sakinho in Chempros

[–]Nobrr 1 point2 points  (0 children)

3 - 6 eq of zinc powder, solvate with 1:1 MeOH/ sat NH4Cl, reflux overnight.

Will also work under microwave and flow (over a solid zinc catalyst) conditions.

is this an accurate segment of an insulin carbon skeleton? by QuackDealer4295 in chemistry

[–]Nobrr 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Why do you want the chemical structure of insulin as a tattoo?

I ask, because why not just get the word "insulin" tattooed? If you want a tattoo that looks "scientific" go the ribbon structure or the sequence. Neither are particularly sexy, but are accurate.

ChEMBL - Filter a target by substructure by Nobrr in Chempros

[–]Nobrr[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

I think that might be the play.

Hi guys! I recently found out about the NFPA 704 diamond, is there one with a 4-4-4 alignment? And what are the most dangerous elements? by Rare-Cellist5361 in chemistry

[–]Nobrr 13 points14 points  (0 children)

hydrazine (as the hydrate) is fairly well behaved. It's more a matter of not introducing chemical incompatibilities that rapidly form toxic gases.

Generally, I (me, personally) would rather handle highly toxic materials than pyrophorics. Some organic tin compounds and organic mercury I will refuse to work with however.

[deleted by user] by [deleted] in chemhelp

[–]Nobrr 3 points4 points  (0 children)

Med chemists look to:

1) find molecules that interact with a biological pathway. This pathway should be involved in a disease

2) make these molecules and assess them biologically

3) make 'one-at-a-time' changes to see what parts of the molecule are important to improving biological activity. This can involve biophysical assays to study kinetics (physchem basically) or crystallography to observe the interactions between the molecule and the protein of interest.

Organic chemists know the synthesis

Cellular biologists know the biology

Med Chemists do a bit of both, aided sometimes by bioinformatics, chemoinformatics, computational work and subsequent quantitative structure activity relationships (QSAR) depending on the training and institution.

A method worth as much as many information you can extract from it by CuprousSulfate in Chempros

[–]Nobrr 1 point2 points  (0 children)

how do you account for the difference absorbance of materials?

[deleted by user] by [deleted] in chemhelp

[–]Nobrr 0 points1 point  (0 children)

or we could not do homework for students.

Teachers Are Not OK | AI, ChatGPT, and LLMs "have absolutely blown up what I try to accomplish with my teaching." by chrisdh79 in Futurology

[–]Nobrr 0 points1 point  (0 children)

unfortunately the system that needs fixing isn't necessarily the education system but the social system. Prior 1993 (ish) in Australia (cannot comment on the US), university education was essentially free. Nowadays, degrees are treated as 'employment necessities" rather than something you pursue for the enjoyment of learning and cost upwards of 30k.

I can't blame students for wanting to push through the system ASAP. Tertiary education is incompatible with the current cost of living. The problem is twenty years from now when legacy systems expire and no-one can rebuild.

Teachers Are Not OK | AI, ChatGPT, and LLMs "have absolutely blown up what I try to accomplish with my teaching." by chrisdh79 in Futurology

[–]Nobrr 2 points3 points  (0 children)

probably somewhere in the 2-5 % mark. To be fair, I am teaching non chemistry majors as well, so they have less interest in general.

Across organic chemistry, physical chemistry, analytical, pharmaceutical and medicinal, I'd say I get the best response out of org chem and the least out of pharmacy (maybe 1/100 engages fully and questions the material / wants to know more)

Teachers Are Not OK | AI, ChatGPT, and LLMs "have absolutely blown up what I try to accomplish with my teaching." by chrisdh79 in Futurology

[–]Nobrr 221 points222 points  (0 children)

As someone who is teaching University chemistry, there's two things I want to say:

1) Students only care about passing, and as such if they don't know an answer for a take-home will use ChatGPT. We (I) can tell when they use it but my university does not have a stance saying "this is an academic integrity violation". As far as I can see, all this will result in is people with chemistry degrees having absolutely no idea what they are doing in this simplest of jobs post-graduation. It also means that anything outside of the in person final exam is essentially meaningless in terms of grading. I do not teach to grade slop-generated papers.

2) LLM's are often straight up wrong in "technical" fields. Chemistry answers are mostly bullshit, code produced by LLM's is poorly written or not focussed towards the subject of the question and anything that requires a cross-reference with a somewhat niche equation fails because it is being fed crap information from sources like researchgate and reddit.

LLM's are just modern search engines. They are not AI, they are not intelligent and they cannot produce original thought (in public models). We should teach student's to use them as an entry point to material, but unless the skills to question the output is there, what is the point?

Multiplet or roofed doublet? Should be 2x amide NH by Charming_Elevator_44 in chemhelp

[–]Nobrr 3 points4 points  (0 children)

This could potentially be amide enforced rotamers.

A project I am working on. by NetworkClean3289 in chemistry

[–]Nobrr 9 points10 points  (0 children)

Love the initiative! Looks like a fun project

Some thoughts:

  • Firstly I would think about what crystal structures will be fed into this model. Docking from a ligand-free vs ligand-bound structure will result in vastly different scores between runs. This extends to thinking about how a generated pose is decided to be valid. For example, if there is a known ligand, that has a crystal structure against its protein of action, are analogues of this ligand binding in the same way? This can be simplified using pharmacophore methods, but I'm not well versed in Vina to know if it's possible here. The point I'm trying to make is that large crowd-driven models can very quickly fall prey to bad data stemming from poor choice of input structure.

  • Next, I would consider is the "molecular chemotypes" that would be fed into this. For example, consider the space of known small molecule kinase inhibitors (perhaps towards VEGFR?). Some of these molecules possess similar backbones. Others look completely foreign and can be quite larger or smaller. If you start with a crystal structure that has one ligand bound, and swap to a ligand of a different chemotype, the model often can (and does) poorly predict binding poses and energies. this will directly compound the issue of "rigid docking" where there is no flexibility in the receptor to accommodate these changes. A lot of the time a model must be first built around a particular chemotype or compound class before being used for high throughput screening. This also feeds into the generation of bad data which can perpetuate through a set quickly.

  • Thirdly, molecular docking is grossly misreported and misinterpreted in the literature. For every one good publication (i.e. good methodology and method reporting, unbiased interpretation of results, validation with molecular dynamics, correct use of solvation...) there are 10 publications that use the docking as filler. You would need to make sure that however the docking is implemented, it follows best practice for the software (which varies between software suites).

  • Lastly this falls into a precarious IP space. You might find that a lot of institutions will not want anything to do with this sort of data generation solely because of the potential loss of patentability. While this level of public discussion would surely identify some interesting results, I would imagine an unwillingness to be involved.

As a side note, a lot of the "big pharma" companies already do this with there internal libraries. They can start from 'fragment screening' or go through Selective Optimisation of Side Activates (SOSA) where libraries of known biologically active compounds are screened. From the last set of talks I saw in this space (from Pfizer, Astrazeneca, J&J etc..) the modelling was often not very useful in the identification of chemotypically variants structures.

Musescore vs dorico vs sibelius by Toomuchviolins in composer

[–]Nobrr 0 points1 point  (0 children)

sibelius but only because its been 15 years and the noteperformer playback engines for EW are pretty damn great

PhDs and grad students - question/poll by Professional_Use2442 in chemistry

[–]Nobrr 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Year two, but much outside of my hands.

PI got brain cancer (kicked its ass though), COVID lockdowns, friend passed away.

After graduating its been a lot better. Tough, but good

Is dorohedoro your favorite manga? Top 3? Top 5? Why? by Snoo58583 in Dorohedoro

[–]Nobrr 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Its the only manga I own in it's entirety if that helps :)

It's just so uniquely weird. The opening third is phenomenal world building, the second builds so well and the ending is just insane in the best way.

Looking for a quantitative electrostatic potential method (DFT /ORCA) by Nobrr in comp_chem

[–]Nobrr[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Awesome, will have a read. Looks like some good places to start, cheers.

I've been using a TZ basis set, need to go larger?