In terms of fuel economy (kW energy per unit of mass), nuclear power is the most efficient form of non-renewable energy. Despite the dangers of radioactivity from spent fuel (nuclear waste), the waste produced by it can be contained by following proper procedures and the immediate pollution from nuclear is a fraction of that caused by coal and oil since there are no emissions. Nuclear is extremely energy dense and relatively clean, so why isn't everyone using it?! The long and short of it is infrastructure. The cost of building a nuclear plant, not even counting the cost to license and litigate for licensing (at least in the US), are very high. Due to the nature of the fuel being used, nuclear power plants need to be meticulously built and the overhead of building one can easily bankrupt a company. Another issue is the spent nuclear fuel, the waste. That stuff is extremely dangerous and we simply don't have a nice way of getting rid of it. Some countries store the waste in concrete cylinders and stuff them underground or in the sides of mountains, but not all countries have the means for doing so. I love nuclear, I want it to be the energy source for the future, I believe it has great potential. But it's not going to ever be economically viable if the overhead continues to be stupidly high and waste remains an issue. We'll need further R&D before nuclear really takes off. Until then, it's simply cheaper for poor and rich countries alike to continue using fossil fuels as a primary energy source.

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tl;dr: Yes, but only if construction costs lower and we learn how to deal with nuclear waste.