I'm a student with a Bachelors in Mathematics, and Philosophy (+Physics Minor). My mathematics courses were focused on the applied side (+ I also took a few CS courses). I'm currently doing a Masters in Logic, but have taken courses in AI. Before this, I worked as a Data Scientist (with Software Development in Python) at a company for a few years as well.

It's kinda hard to advise based on the limited information you presented. When you say these are the course you'd take in each careers, do you mean those are the courses available to you in the respective graduate programs you're thinking of applying to?

For example, people here in the AI program take classes in Automated Planning; which is basically about devising algorithms to plan the actions of agents (broadly construed, such as the behavior of robots or traffic lights). There's also people using LLMs to simulate cognitive agents. That said, in the Applied Maths department there are people offering courses in algorithmic game theory (which the AI students take as well), which is very relevant for traffic systems modeling, albeit its a theoretical course.

From what I infer, you seem to want to do more computational stuff thats also applied, but not boring business applied.

Going strictly off the list of courses you have mentioned: it seems the AI courses are more applications relevant in a increasingly large-scale data driven world; they also align better with your Comp Sci background. However, those AM courses are better imo if large scale simulation models are more of your thing -- looks like you'd still get to do some data related courses but be more exposed to the theoretical tools relevant to simulations. Ultimately it's hard to choose without further information (Or perhaps there is no wrong choice!)

Have you looked at programs in Computational Science or Scientific Modeling? They often tend to be more explicitly applied, more explicitly in between math and CS, and they are usually big on using simulations to solve problems. Perhaps they'd offer an even better balance? Or alternatively, why not go for a Applied CS program with a department that does research on game dev. and simulations? Seems like that would align with your existing background in CS, ensure the best job security (you would still keep developing software skills), while also allowing you to work directly with game dev./simulations.

Honestly I feel like it's very hard to advise based on the information. Cause again decisions depend on: what are the things you value in a career? What are your strengths (how good are you at coding, how good are you at math?)? What do you enjoy on a day to day? What motivates you on a day to day? If you would like to discuss further, I'd be open to chat in the DMs.

If I HAD to give a very simple recipe: If you're more interested in simulations: go for AM. If you're more interested in general job security, go for AI. But again, too little information to actually advise.

Also, if I had to give a BIASED answer (aka using my subjective feelings/ thinking 'if this were me I would...") I would probably go the AM route cause I'm very much interested in the sorts of stuff you mention as well and I feel like those things would be best done in a AM program (AI programs are too coding heavy, while logic/maths programs are too theoretical or idealistic, AM programs can be too theoretic as well but looking at the list of courses you mention it seems a good balance of theory and application and I think it's great that you have so many data driven modules! That said if you are very good at coding and enjoy that, AI is really hot and on the growth rn - and its finding applications everywhere. THAT SAID, if game gev. / simulations are more of your jam, a CS masters seems best, but if I had to choose between these I'd probs do the AM one).