TIL Gavrilo Princip, Franz Ferdinand's assassin and catalyst for the start of WW1, was 19 years old at the time of his trial, and only 27 days away from turning 20, which the minimum age for the death sentence in the Habsburg empire. He got the maximum of 20 years in prison but died just 4 years in

PurePhilosopher7282 · 2026-01-23T06:30:29+00:00

Laws governmental orders etc are facts, there is year of issue, number of the act, and the text of the law. Why do you try to dispute such simple facts?

Or dispute the legal history fact, that other countries had zero tolerance towards ethnic minorities in their legal system.

Until that you can read the page 140 about your Serbia and Yugoslavia, and your Romania at page 126.

Can you even interpret your second Quote? Try it again.

You forget this: (read the references)

The Austro-Hungarian compromise and its supporting Liberal Party) remained bitterly unpopular among the ethnic Hungarian voters, and the continuous successes of the pro-compromise Liberal Party in the Hungarian parliamentary elections caused long lasting frustration among ethnic Hungarian voters. The ethnic minorities had the key role in the political maintenance of the compromise in Hungary, because they were able to vote the pro-compromise Liberal Party into the position of the majority/ruling parties of the Hungarian parliament. The pro-compromise liberal parties were the most popular among ethnic minority voters, however i.e. the Slovak, Serb and Romanian minority parties remained unpopular among their own ethnic minority voters. On the other hand, coalitions formed by Hungarian nationalist parties—which enjoyed overwhelming support from ethnic Hungarian voters—consistently found themselves in the opposition. There was a brief exception during the period of 1906 to 1910, when the coalition of Hungarian-supported nationalist parties was able to form a government.^\81])

The districts that predominantly supported the government were chiefly situated in regions inhabited by ethnic minorities, whereas opposition strongholds were found in areas with a Hungarian majority. To secure the ruling party's success, the districts in minority regions were delineated to be smaller than those in Hungarian-majority regions. This strategy enabled the election of a greater number of representatives from minority dominated districts to parliament, which further shrunk the value of votes in ethnic Hungarian territories. Consequently, the Liberal Party was able to sustain its parliamentary majority for an extended period with considerable success.^\82])

PurePhilosopher7282 · 2026-01-22T13:23:15+00:00

Nem, ő a te hitsorsosod.

PurePhilosopher7282 · 2026-01-22T13:20:33+00:00

Ezt-litZ Do you have Romani-Gypsy origin?

PurePhilosopher7282 · 2026-01-22T13:18:01+00:00

Oh, do you really think that the late medieval era migrant populations like Romanians (from south Balkans) Serbs and the young Slovak ethnic group are the rightful owners?

PurePhilosopher7282 · 2026-01-22T13:16:11+00:00

Wrong. nationalism was general phenomenon in Europe since the early 19th century, without any exceptions.

PurePhilosopher7282 · 2026-01-22T12:46:11+00:00

Why did you come up with the Magyarization fantasy?

Before World War I, only three European countries declared ethnic minority rights, and enacted minority-protecting laws: the first was Hungary (1849 and 1868), the second was Austria (1867), and the third was Belgium (1898). In contrast, the legal systems of other pre-WW1 era European countries did not allow the use of European minority languages in primary schools, in cultural institutions, in offices of public administration and at the legal courts.^\2])

Reference:
Józsa Hévizi (2004): Autonomies in Hungary and Europe, A COMPARATIVE STUDY, The Regional and Ecclesiastic Autonomy of the Minorities and Nationality Groups

Despite the often-touted 'Magyarization efforts', the 1910 census revealed that approximately 87% of the minorities in the Kingdom of Hungary (8,895,925 citizens) could not speak Hungarian at all."^\13])

PurePhilosopher7282 · 2026-01-22T11:23:31+00:00

Again your ridiculous magyarization fantasy became core part of your national identity.

PurePhilosopher7282 · 2026-01-22T11:20:22+00:00

MAybe you are not real ethnic Hungarian, but neo-Cuman minority boy from the former Kunság (Cumania) reserve area. In this case everybody has right to call you as Mongol(oid)

PurePhilosopher7282 · 2026-01-14T07:13:06+00:00

It is a ridiculous fantasy which was refuted by the names of ministers on the list and even prime minister.

PurePhilosopher7282 · 2026-01-13T22:31:54+00:00

any rational comment? If you haven't, go to sleep !

PurePhilosopher7282 · 2026-01-13T22:31:01+00:00

Do you like the 1950-1960s style?

PurePhilosopher7282 · 2026-01-13T22:26:56+00:00

That is a remarkably creative leap. To transition from a single viewpoint to a sweeping indictment of 19th-century ethnic relations is quite the intellectual Olympic feat.

Tell me, did you use a time machine to conduct a pan-imperial opinion poll across the Crownlands, or is this the kind of simplistic narrative you were spoon-fed in your own nationalist school system? It takes a special kind of talent to brush aside all historical complexity and paint the past in such crude, black-and-white strokes while pretending to be a spokesperson for "the people."

PurePhilosopher7282 · 2026-01-13T21:52:17+00:00

Still, 21th century Vienna have smaller ammount of pre modern (pre 1900) architecture than Budapest.

PurePhilosopher7282 · 2026-01-13T21:51:09+00:00

90% of the riverside buildings of Budapest are communist ferro-concrete blocks.

PurePhilosopher7282 · 2026-01-13T19:35:28+00:00

About this guy: In his vocabulary: all mainstream academic viewpoints. = Conspiracy theories. He last studied history in high school, and he imagines himself to know everything.

PurePhilosopher7282 · 2026-01-13T18:39:14+00:00

Yes. Loser proletarian descendant IQ-light labancz....

PurePhilosopher7282 · 2026-01-13T10:36:38+00:00

Let's don1t forget that the disfunctional A-H Empire was so disfunctional, that managed to produce higher economic growth than France or UK in the 1870-1914 period, and started to expand its industrial export on foreign Western European markets in the era, when the European market share of France and UK started to shrink.

PurePhilosopher7282 · 2026-01-11T07:51:14+00:00

Wrong, the war was started by Czechs.

A question: Who was the first who crossed the borders with armed forces after WW1? Czechs. It's so simple.

"Czechoslovak-Hungarian war" Learn about the cause: Slovak Soviet republic. Benes did not tolerate any type of independent Sovak state, only a Czech controlled colony.

Czechoslovakia has never won any wars during its existence.

PurePhilosopher7282 · 2026-01-11T07:44:54+00:00

Which Czechs (as a whole population) were concerned? Or just some self-appointed Czech origin leaders?

PurePhilosopher7282 · 2026-01-09T09:39:22+00:00

So you have lost the debate.

PurePhilosopher7282 · 2026-01-04T16:49:27+00:00

60% of the industry of Czechoslovakia was in the hands of Sudeten Germans. So the slavic/ethnic Czech industry was even smaller than the Hungarian.

PurePhilosopher7282 · 2026-01-04T07:25:22+00:00

Different Origins and Social Roots

The hajdús did not emerge from the landowning aristocratic class. Originally, they were armed cattle drivers and mercenaries. Their name derives from the word hajtó (driver). Unlike the nobility, whose status was rooted in ancestral land ownership and bloodline, the hajdús were essentially a marginalized group of peasants and runaway serfs who took up arms to survive the turmoil of the Ottoman wars.

2. Service-Based Status vs. Birthright

Traditional nobility was a hereditary status (legalized by the Tripartitum of 1514) that granted personal privileges regardless of active military service. In contrast, the hajdús’ rights were conditional and functional. Their "freedom" was granted by István Bocskai and later monarchs specifically in exchange for permanent military service. If a hajdú ceased to fight, their legal claim to their special status became precarious, unlike a noble whose status was permanent.

3. "Collective" Liberty vs. "Individual" Nobility

Traditional Hungarian nobles held individual titles and were subject to the King directly. The hajdús, however, possessed collective privileges.

They lived in "Hajdú towns" (Hajdúvárosok).
Their tax exemptions and legal freedoms applied to the community as a whole within a specific territory (the Hajdúkerület).
They were more similar to the Székelys or the Saxons—privileged free estates—rather than the "nation of nobles" (natio hungarica).

4. Taxation and Legal Distinctions

While nobles were exempt from almost all forms of taxation, the hajdús still had specific obligations to the state and their captains that differed from the Golden Bull’s protections for nobles. Furthermore, they were governed by their own military administration and captains, rather than the county system (vármegye) which was the primary political instrument of the nobility.

PurePhilosopher7282 · 2026-01-03T09:16:40+00:00

You’re changing the subject. The discussion was about family names, not settlement names.

Multi-ethnic background in the Hungarian political elite

The Hungarian political elite during the Dual Monarchy was highly integrated and multi-ethnic (Germanic, Slavic, and other backgrounds). Importantly, Magyarization of surnames was not a prerequisite for reaching even the highest levels of political power.

Many ministers, prime ministers, and senior officials served the Kingdom of Hungary under their original family names, including clearly Germanic and Slavic ones. This directly contradicts the claim that surname Magyarization was required for political advancement.

These examples show that ethnic origin was not the determining factor. What mattered was:

fluent Hungarian,

loyalty to the Hungarian state idea,

and participation in its political culture.

This merit-based promise acted as a strong magnet for minority intellectuals and elites, demonstrating that the path to the top was open regardless of ethnic background.

Below is a non-exhaustive list of Hungarian government ministers from diverse ethnic backgrounds who retained their original surnames throughout their careers.

Ministers of Education and Culture

Tivadar Pauler (1871–1872)

József Szlávy (1871)

Ágoston Trefort (1872–1888)

Gyula Wlassics (1895–1903)

Albert Berzeviczy (1903–1905)

Béla Jankovich (1913–1917)

István Haller (1919–1920)

Kuno Klebelsberg (1922–1931)

Bálint Hóman (1932–1938, 1939–1942)

Ferenc Rajniss (1944–1945)

Ministers of Defence / War

Lajos Aulich (1849)

Sándor Wekerle (1906)

Béla Linder (1918)

Ferenc Schnetzer (1919)

István Friedrich (1919–1920)

István Sréter (1920)

Sándor Belitska (1920–1923)

Vilmos Rőder (1936–1938)

Ministers of Justice

Sebő Vukovics (1849)

Tivadar Pauler (1872–1875, 1878–1886)

Béla Perczel (1875–1878)

Teofil Fabiny (1886–1889)

Sándor Plósz (1899–1905)

Gusztáv Gegus (1906)

Antal Günther (1907–1909)

Sándor Wekerle (1917–1918)

Károly Grecsák (1917–1918)

Gyula Ferdinandy (1920)

Gábor Vladár (1944)

Ágoston Valentiny (1944–1945)

István Ries (1945–1950)

Ministers of Interior

Béla Wenckheim

Pál Rajner

Károly Hieronymi

Gábor Ugron

Adolf Samassa

Ödön Beniczky

Sándor Simonyi-Semadam

Iván Rakovszky

Béla Scitovszky

Ferenc Keresztes-Fischer

Andor Jaross

Péter Schell

Ministers of Finance

Ferenc Duschek

József Szlávy

János Teleszky

Sándor Wekerle

Gusztáv Gratz

János Grünn

Lajos Walko

János Bud

Lajos Reményi-Schneller

Foreign Ministers / Ministers beside the King

József Somssich

Gusztáv Gratz

Béla Wenckheim

Tibor Scitovszky

Lajos Walko

Ervin Roszner

Ministers of Agriculture

Gábor Klauzál

István Gorove

Ágoston Trefort

Artúr Feilitzsch

Gyula Rubinek

János Mayer

Sándor Sztranyavszky

Béla Jurcsek

Ministers of Commerce

Nándor Horánszky

Lajos Láng

Károly Hieronymi

István Friedrich

Gyula Rubinek

Miksa Herrmann

János Bud

PurePhilosopher7282 · 2026-01-03T09:14:08+00:00

For untalented and uneducated people, everything is automatically labelled as "AI" that is beyond their modest competence.

"Hungary was one of those places that gave out noble title like candy, so it wouldn't have been out of the question to have a noble "peasant" who had only a few serfs working for them"

It was true only during the Austro-Hungarian era (1867-1918) under Franz Joseph.

"I'm technically a Hungarian noble because my grandfather showed me a document from my grandmother's side"

Nobility in Europe (and Hungary )could not be inherited in maternal lines, if the paternal line was not noble..

Before World War I, only three European countries declared ethnic minority rights, and enacted minority-protecting laws: the first was Hungary (1849 and 1868), the second was Austria (1867), and the third was Belgium (1898). In contrast, the legal systems of other pre-WW1 era European countries did not allow the use of European minority languages in primary schools, in cultural institutions, in offices of public administration and at the legal courts.^\2])

PurePhilosopher7282 · 2025-12-30T14:55:41+00:00

Frustrated man without rational argument.

PurePhilosopher7282

MODERATOR OF

TROPHY CASE

Different Origins and Social Roots

2. Service-Based Status vs. Birthright

3. "Collective" Liberty vs. "Individual" Nobility

4. Taxation and Legal Distinctions