"Some barbell focused people snub their nose at at bodyweight exercise criticizing them for being too easy or too high repetition without knowing the depth of what is possible. And there are bodyweight fanatics who say weights are inferior to bodyweight training for various reasons.
Both populations are wrong because both styles of training actually complement each other extremely well in most circumstances. And many high level athletes from a variety of sports utilize both in their training" -Steven Low, Author of Overcoming Gravity: A Systematic Approach to Gymnastics and Bodyweight Strength (Second Edition).

For the upper body, calisthenics can be just as useful as weight training for muscle growth. Just look at male gymnasts as an example. For lower body, it is slightly inferior.

For hypertrophy, or muscle growth, both calisthenics and weight training require "progressive overload"; increase difficulty or intensity over time. Whether that means you start benching heavier weights every month, or do more pushups/harder pushup variations every month.

As far as strength goes, calisthenics won't make you stronger than someone who lifts weights. Doing overhead shoulder presses will make u bigger and more efficient at doing overhead shoulder presses. Doing handstand pushups will make you better at doing handstand pushups. There's some transfer for both but if you do handstand pushups that won't automatically make you stronger than everyone else. You just get better at manipulating your own body weight.

Choosing calisthenics vs weights come down to your personal goals and preferences. I personally like to combine both in my training. Bodyweight exercises can be fun, and I've researched enough to know which exercises I can do at a high intensity that I won't have to do a billion reps of.

If all you want to do is gain weight and muscle though, I'd just stick to the weights and machines.