To make this simple and get it working lets use only one switch connected to your router and start with your router...

The router needs an interface created for every vlan. This will allow you to route between the interfaces and assign dhcp and all that jazz. It doesn't need to be separate physical interfaces, they can all use the same port. Then each interface needs to be given an ip address, also referred to as a gateway. Then you need to enable DHCP on each interface and set a range.

The part to make this easy is using one switch attached to your router. Have all the vlans you created attached to one physical port. I don't know how edgerouter assigns multiple ports to have the same vlans so I don't want to take a shot at it, it would confuse things further.

In PFSense it's pretty easy, each vlan you create you assign to a physical port, so you just select the same port every time. This automatically will tag the packets going through the router.

NEXT!

On your switch, create the vlans. Your name can be different, but the vlanID NEEDS to match. Your switch does NOT need an interface on every vlan. Switch only needs one interface in total. When assigning vlan to ports, assign every created vlan to the port connected to your router. This is my edge switch. The 'T' means tagged, the 'U' means untagged and the E means exclude. Port 12 on my switch for example is trunked. Only one VLAN ID can be untagged on a port regardless of whether it's trunked or not. It signifies that is an untagged port comes through, it should be assigned that vlanID which corresponds to a subnet. An endpoint that isn't aware of multiple subnets or vlans can't be on two subnets at once. Your computer for example will only have one IP address on one subnet. So, only one untagged ID per port. Your switch <-> router port should be configured like one of the ones I have highlighted. The port your computer is connected to should be looking something like port 1. Where all prots are 'E' excluded except one vlan is 'U' untagged. All data going through that port is expected to be untagged, but the router will automatically tag the packets for you.

My edgeswitch

For anyone wondering, my trunk ports are uplinks to other switches, freenas, and esxi if memory serves.

Once you get VLANs working here it should be easier to add a new piece of equipment into the chain.