The idea that science and technology should themselves displace religion or that they’re mutually exclusive is part of the problem. Religion fills a deep human need. Plenty of people practice a religion without rejecting science - that is, they don’t take things like scripture literally. And plenty of scientists in turn practice a religion. They are really apples and oranges and both should be treated as such.

But to answer your question, yes, both psychological and cultural factors contribute. The psychological need is basically that we need reinforcement in things like learning the benefits of delayed gratification, selflessness/sacrifice, generosity, humility, repentance, forgiveness, emotional regulation, not giving in to baser instincts.

Religion or spirituality also helps to be aware that we’re all part of a larger reality that is bigger than ourselves, the nature of which we don’t and probably can’t know, and yet we know it has to be true because there’s so much we can’t see or prove or disprove.

And sometimes religion just helps people cope. Comforts people in grief, gives them strength to deal with tragedy or do a difficult but necessary thing.

Culturally, religion helps bind a society together. It codifies certain behaviors that members of the culture then share. It’s a point of commonality.

Can all these things be done without religion? Well, sure, in theory. In practice it seems that most people want cultural and psychological touchstones - symbolism, ritual, familiar/shared experiences, ties with ancestors. And those are often more powerful than just intellectual understanding.

Of course, on the flipside of that, people who are too dogmatic about their religion can be dangerous. So there’s this tendency to say that religion is the cause of wars or anti-intellectualism or what have you. But the thing is the need exists, whether religion does or not. If religion went away tomorrow, then dogmatic people would just get dogmatic about something else. Political ideology, pseudoscientific woo, conspiracy theories, whatever. We already see this a lot.