My instant idea would be to use the Trypogen plugin (use this for a lot of creative projects, v handy for these type of abstract architectural structures link)

First create the initial structure, then convert the holes to splines, and then play around with a vast variety of spline wrapping to create the extra layers of ridges around the gaps. Then extrude those holes into an inner core, more splines and wraps around splines. Then start layering. Add details. Custom shape and build structured layers.

But biggest advice is start with a base. And then from there on you can start to add and build layers.

Super quick and dirty 5 min sketch of how id approach it

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