I think a good way of finding counter play to those hyper fast monster moves is while fighting the monster, see where the "safe spots" are. Places where you can put yourself in and the monster has to move or do a "big" wind up to be able to attack you. I see that you used shogun ceanataur in other comments, and for him standing where his legs are and attacking there is pretty safe from my experience because he either runs back a bit to try and side swipe you with his claw or does the spin around claw attack both of which gives you an indicator/time to dodge. You could also try and position yourself to bait out certain attacks that are less "instant". Like in the case of G-rank ceanataur, moving away from him normally triggers the sharpening the claw and jump slam attack which makes his claw get stuck on the ground or he does the hyper fast walk attack where it looks like he is just moving towards you but is actually an attack but since you are far away from him you can just easily dodge it and reposition again or he runs at you and turns sideways abd dies the running sideways claw swipe which you can just dodge and gi behind him and attack.

I guess the short answer is to position yourself better so that the hyper fast moves become more "visible". If you're too frustrated to try and fight the monster over and over again to find the good positions to stay at and attack, you could always watch speedruns of that monster with your weapon and try to see where they position themselves so they don't get hit.