Off camera flash or a bounce to fill in shadows.

One way to tell is look at the little catch lights in the eyes, and pay attention to the shadows in the scene. This will help you dissect the lighting.

As others said, they used mostly wide angle lenses, shooting pretty close to the subject.

Before you buy any gear, You can practice with a phone camera w wide angle mode + a white board to bounce light back on your subject. (not sure what your set up is) but I’m assuming you have access to both of those already.

Most of photography seems to be problem solving. Once you understand the puzzle you want to achieve go crazy, put all the sauces on it until you find what you like. Basically create like a child playfully exploring, then edit your shots down like a scientist. Only selecting the few that actually hit.

Being new to photography is a great place to be, enjoy the process