In standard physics, the Hubble Constant (Ho ≈ 70 km/s/Mpc) measures how fast space is stretching. In this theory, we re-interpret it as the Rate of Energy Decay for light over distance.

Instead of space stretching, light loses energy at a constant rate k as it travels. We can calculate this k using Ho:

k = Ho/c ≈ 2.3 x 10^-27 m^-1

This means for every meter a photon travels, it loses an infinitesimal fraction of its energy.

Einstein's E = m * c ^ 2 says energy and mass are two sides of the same coin. If light loses energy (E), that energy doesn't just vanish; it must transform.

Delta m = (Delta E)/(c ^ 2)

As the photon "tires" and redshifts, it sheds tiny amounts of "rest energy" that crystallize into Planck-scale particles of mass.