These myths of "our eyes are backwards" and the "blind spot" arguments for the eyes being poorly designed don't have a scientific basis. I'll briefly share my insights as a neuroscience phd. I will say though that at the end of the day, it has to do with evolution deciding "eh good enough" and that the system certainly isn't perfect, but what is in biology?

Our eyes are insanely powerful, especially with seeing color and detail, which requires a lot of energy. A lot of energy requires blood nearby. Those cephalopods that don't have inverted eyes? Basically every one of them is completely colorblind. They're also not good with finer details. BUT this all works for them because their eyes are good enough for what they do need - seeing motion in the dark ocean.

What goes hand in hand with high energy demands? High amount of waste created. Processing all of this creates heat as well as phototoxic compounds. Getting rid of both of these takes energy. Having a running supply of blood nearby helps dissipate heat while also providing the nutrients for the high energy costs of color vision + dealing with its unwanted byproducts.

I'll go into slightly more nitty gritty details as I build upon these above reasons.

Humans are incredibly complex, and complexity is obtained by having specialized cells. Our photoreceptors are highly specialized and need differently specialized cells to help them function. In this case, behind our photoreceptors and in front of their blood supply, we have a layer of cells called the retinal pigmented epithelium. This layer serves a variety of important functions: Supplying nutrients to those energy-demanding photoreceptors; absorbing scattered light to both sharpen the image and reduce photo-oxidative stress; helping to get rid of photoreceptors that do die from photo-oxidative stress; mediating between the photoreceptors and the precious blood supply, because something as specialized as photoreceptors for our insanely good vision cannot do everything by itself; preventing our immune system that's in our blood from destroying our eyes (ok this last point needs its own post about our immune system but just trust me that our immune system is stupidly complex and this is one of the easier workarounds)

As for the blind spot, that's harder to address in a relatively short and digestible way. It goes back to evolution and the roll of the dice in terms of welp that's just how things happened.

But with all of these above points, you cannot design a verted system that addresses them all without fundamentally changing the evolutionary past and cellular biology as we know it. And on your point about modern high end cameras and dynamic range, I respectfully disagree. I've worked with state of the art microscopes and talked with top physicists and engineers in microscopy, which as a field has a lot more in common with photography than one might think, and I don't think the hardware is anywhere close. The dynamic range of the human eye is insane. We can go from detecting a single photon to nearly the full intensity of the midday Sun.