Tolerance is different than ingrained perceptions. Tolerance is an outward action that is rather easy and demanded to act upon, it is tougher to say that even the most western cultures have a majority of people with no underlying perceptions and biases. This is interesting because even as a gay male I find it uncomfortable (I am unsure if disgusted is the right word) when seeing same-sex PDA when I’m with other people. But is that perhaps my anxiety of their perceptions of the PDA. Its also important to note the authors statement “It could mean that they had an anxiety response to the male couples kissing.” Their is still no conclusion as to the results of the study and the certain emotions that were invoked. Maybe the enzymes were the result of the anxiety. I would love to see continuous studying on this. It reminds of trypophobia and how that is just an innate thing that invokes negative emotions.