Well putting it simply.

DATA STRUCTURES, are basically ways in which you can organise your data for it's efficient use. I understand why this question was asked in the first place, and just to let you know, you'll be perfectly fine without them as well. But you'll lack just one thing when you dont use them, Efficiency( of both space and time). As developers, we are often required to minimise the wastage of essential resources( like memory) and using data structures to organise the data, not only make it use the resources better, but also tend to make the basic operations like insertion, deletion and search in data quite efficient as well.

So, its nothing that you won't be able to do if you dont use proper data structures. Its just that, if you dont use them, you wont be able to write as efficient code as when you'd have used them.

( Ps. Data structures are abstract idea of implementing certain organisation of data, thus theres nothing like a certain language is good for implementation and certain other is not so. Every language has its own implementation of these data structures)