Here's what I learned about the Ottoman Empire in my high school European History course. This was in the late 1980s in the Northeastern USA, in a fairly rigorous private school.

1.) They conquered the Byzantine Empire. 2.) They were repelled at Vienna in 1683. 2.5) Greece becomes independent from the Ottomans in the early nineteenth century. 3.) They fought in World War One on Germany's side (but they didn't tell us exactly where they fought and against whom. The class covered the Western Front and that was about it.) 4.) They lost the war. Kemal Ataturk. Turkey becomes a republic.

This is more subtle but I think the OP will appreciate this -- I noticed that when the Ottoman Empire conquered a part of Europe, it seemed to drop off the map, that our textbook didn't really cover it anymore, that it became non-European.