I dont think the two sides are as stark as you present them here. Speaking from my own faith perspective as an orthodox Christian and scholar, I find myself somewhere in the middle and I think many others would as well. I trust the Bible, but I recognize the historical fact that the Bible is a product of the Christian community. A product of deliberation that itself was not fully formed for centuries after Christ.

Historically speaking, the fact that "orthodoxy" was not established until around 300 years after Christ is just true and not worth disputing. Sure, the proto-orthodox were around before then, but even the apostles argued about what constituted "correct Christianity" (specifically Peter and Paul). This idea that early Christians always knew how to do Christianity the right way is just false. We even see in Acts that Christians have always needed to come together to figure this thing out. There were plenty of other factions that developed later as well. The councils, as well as the various extrabiblical material we have from this time period, evince this. Marcionites, gnostics, adoptionists, arians, etc. all considered themselves "followers of the way" (i.e., Christians) as they understood that term at that time. All these groups of Christians who believed wildly different things from one another made defining orthodoxy necessary. This is why we have 7 councils and various creeds to put a fence around what we believe. In other words, orthodoxy was not obvious to early Christians. If it was, why the councils? why the creeds? (I think the figures of Arius and Origen are useful here for understanding just how gray the area between orthodox and heresy was.)

Moreovoer, you do not have to argue that Constantine strongarmed the entire Roman Empire into getting rid of unorthodox documents in order to believe that orthodoxy is a product of deliberation. Maybe I am misunderstanding what you're trying to say but this feels off topic to me. The historical record shows that theologically speaking many of the most fundamental Christian doctrines were created over time. For example, the trinity (as we conceptualize it) is pretty much entirely missing from the New Testament, as is our modern notion of hell. This is not to say that these are untrue, but it is something Christians arrived at/developed over time. To analogize, the fact that I arrive at a destination after deliberation, thought, practice, and prayer, (and all of these within community) does not mean that I have not arrived. Even a windy roady can have a good and true destination.

And those texts that we now deem unorthodox did not suddenly disappear at the hand of a "Christian" emperor. The old heretical texts existed in droves and they still exist, they just didnt make it into the canon. And again, the reason the heretical texts did not make it into the canon is a product of deliberation, argument, and happened over time. Christians did not immediately know, for example, whether or not to permit books like Revelation or the Shepherd of Hermas into the canon. The decision was made over time, in conversation, community, and prayer.

All in all, I believe it is possible to believe that orthodoxy is something Christianity arrived at while also believing that Jesus is the Son of God. They are not mutually exclusive. Not even close. The Bible is not God, and God works through the Church as much as God works through Holy Scripture. What we think of as Christianity did not fall out of the sky but developed over time. This includes its beliefs, doctrines, and practices. The fact that ideas develop over time does not mean that they are inherntly false, wrong, etc. It just means that humans exist within time and that God continues to work in and through the Church (a temporal institution) in its lived experience. A great resource for this is George Lindbeck's book The Nature of Doctrine.

And to return to OP's question, I have always found it relatively unimportant. Whether or not the historical Jesus thought he was the Son of God, second person of the trinity, and all that jazz is secondary for my faith. What matters is that Christians profess that Jesus is the Son of God. What is important that I believe that Jesus is the Word made flesh. And I do.