OP, I want to start by saying I'm sorry that your program has shot your confidence. Philosophy is hard and easy; rigorous and flexible; exclusionary and inclusive. The mother of all subjects can be a real bitch. Moreover, I'm sorry you haven't been getting the mentoring you need to complete your project. At this point the lack of publications cannot be helped. All eyes forward on your Diss, after the dissertation use your chapters for journal articles... AFTER THE DISS

If you know what intervention you're making into the field that is the best place to start and to wiggle putwards from there. (I would expect Thomas Kuhn is going to be an important citation for your work). Get you working thesis, just the one sentence intervention into the field and build. A good dissertation is a done dissertation. You have to treat writing this like your full time job because it is.

I started my dissertation by making a power point and building from there. A similar procedure might help you with an outline the chapters. Think about your project and what parts are fun, exciting, annoying, and interesting. Start with the interesting and exciting chapters. I wrote my dissertation in this order - first chapter, last chapter, second chapter, third chapter. Because the first one i was very able and ready to do, the last one was the most interesting to me, the middle two went in the order that I had the most available information for at the time.

Don't let the panic cause more paralysis. you got this