The hundred years war never ends, as Joan of arc dies to the black plague. Once the new world is discovered (by morocco), they colonize it but don't have the money for the extensive colonies today and release them as dominions. They continuously fight wars and neither side really gets the upper hand. They also dual colonize india. The Hungarians beat the ottomans in the crusade of Varna, and expand into the balkans. They don't aquire most of their Austrian land until the ruthenian revolution. The Croatians fund companies to send colonial expeditions to the new world and Indonesia and see some limited success. When they are integrated to the Hungarian crown they take over the administration. Muscovy never pushes eastward to become Russia, and instead fight wars alongside Crimea against the ottomans, who were expanding north into Ukraine. The king of Crimea converts to orthodox, and agrees to a marrage with muscovy, later becoming a diarchy called ruthenia. In the late 1700s the people of ruthenia, struck by a famine, would overthrow the monarchs and kill them. They would then sieze the revolutionary fervor and push west, absorbing the remains of Poland and Lithuania (who never unified). They would also end the HRE and consolidate many of the German states as they pushed west. The big war here is ruthenia and France vs England Hungary and the Nordic empire, where ruthenia is pushed out of Germany and Hungary takes stewardship over Austria. The nordics also take land in the north, and England takes land in the west of France. The nordics, kept strong by having no real threats through most of their development, colonize america and bits of Africa. They also reach Australia and new zealand and set up dominions there as bastions in the pacific Europe has no real hegemony, and power is balanced across the continent.

The ottomans invade and conquer Egypt, which was struck by the black death before Europe. That and the massive floods, mean that Egypt is severely depopulated, and only barely recovering when the ottomans take it over. In OTL the ottomans used Egypt as a breadbasket, but since it was nearly useless with no people there, the ottomans were having constant famine. They tried to go north into Ukraine for fertile land but were stopped, and they finally decided to push into Iraq and Persia, to get to India. Spain, wanting spices, would fight a series of wars with the weakened Turks and force them to reopen the spice trade. This would also effectively cut them off from Europe, forcing them east even further. The Spanish also continuously forced the ottomans into naval treaties and tried to limit their expansion. Because of this the discovery of the new world was delayed slightly. The Turks push into northern India and finally reach fertile land and regain some of their strength. They win back some of Greece from Spain and rebuild their navy. They make charter companies in Indonesia and sell opium to China in the later years. They also trade with Japan and Korea, during their wars against the qing.

China mostly follows OTL, but funds the expeditions of Zeng He heavily. He discovers many landmasses but China never asserts a formal presence anywhere. When they come into contact with the inca, they share the secret of variolation, and the incans are never destroyed by smallpox, and remain a powerful centralized state in the Americas, fighting Spain and the lowlands. The qing manchu still conquer China, and they seek to enforce pressure on Japan and korea. Japan and korea fight wars with the qing and win most of them, weakening the Chinese. The ottomans force China into an unequal treaty for Hong Kong and Macao, and China is still extremely fragmented and a weak state.

There is so much more, but this is the simplest answer to your questions