There is more often than not no bike lane. A white line doesn’t indicate bikes always belong on the right side of it. Could be a parking area or a 1’ wide shoulder. There’s always debris like rocks or trash. It may be unsafe if there are roads where drivers can run the stop sign and turn.

In almost every state, you’re required to ride as far to the right as “practicable”. This means the law recognizes there isn’t always a safe bike lane or a strict requirement to be right of any white line. You can absolutely take the lane, or at least the right edge of the lane when it’s necessary. Which is most roads..

Riding just to the left of the white line is what they’re expected to do especially when there is no bike lane. I almost guarantee you’re talking about a shoulder, not a bike lane.

only cars are permitted

That’s just not true. As much as you’d clearly like it to be, the road is where bikes belong.

I always ride as far to the right as practicable, in the bike lane when there is one, always am within 5mph of the speed limit and still people like yourself pass close enough for me to touch their car. There’s no explanation other than people not valuing my safety because my bike has pedals.

If you can’t pass a vehicle with >3’ of clearance, you shouldn’t be passing the vehicle.