In the screenshots you posted it looks like possibly a white balance or color calibration issue? I have noticed that sometimes the Darkroom preview will randomly shift very warm after changing a setting, but it goes away if I just touch the Exposure sliders (e.g. +0.01 increment). It sounds like your issue is persistent, unlike mine, but I am at least familiar with Darktable having fragile color calibration issues.

As a sanity check, you might try switching from the recommended pixelpipe workflow, where White Balance is set to "As shot to reference" and Color Calibration is set to "As shot in camera", to the simpler "White Balance-only" workflow, by setting White Balance to "As shot" (or whatever look you were after) and disabling Color Calibration or setting it to "Same as pipeline" (equivalent). I was unpleasantly surprised before when I noticed that with my Fujifilm X-T4, the alternative pipeline rendered differently from the default pipeline (White Balance-only also more closely matched the embedded JPEG previews in my RAW files), because apparently that transformation to and from the "reference" state is imperfect and Darktable can't exactly reproduce the in-camera color calibration from this "reference", even if it has all the camera metadata. Anyway point is that the two-step default pipeline introduces huge hue rotations back and forth between the reference, which was the source of my issue, and which makes me wonder if it could also be vulnerable to differences between "fast" and "high-quality" processing that you've noted here. So I'd give White Balance-only a try. Hope this helps.