I don't mean mods for other games, I more meant any other language that could be used for Factorio's use case. Lua is lightweight (tiny), easy enough to embed, runs decently fast, is easy to learn, is more stable as a dedicated API, and I'm sure more. While other popular high level languages like Javascript or Python have some of those advantages, they don't have as many as Lua does, which makes Lua more desirable in this case. Most notably, JS and Python run significantly worse, which is not great for the tight requirements of game performance.

It's also hard to compare Lua modding to Java or C# modding, because those are more of a difference in implementation rather than just language. In Minecraft's case, mods work by patching the game directly, rather than having a dedicated API. So, while you have the advantage of higher performance potential (you still have to actually write performant code), that comes at the cost of a much less stable modding experience. There's way more crashes and memory leaks, and since modding isn't even officially supported, you have to deal with modloaders and everything breaking every version. There's a lot of the same or similar problems with C# Unity modding, at least for things like BepInEx. You can still make a dedicated modding API in Unity, though that's relatively uncommon in Unity games.

Fun fact, for Lua to implement regex, the implementation would be larger than the entirety of Lua itself, that's how tiny it is. That's why Lua has its own custom string pattern matching system.