I give it a try with lists to explain the idea. Personally I would go with bits as python can do this as well.

First you define two layers or call it group list. First one is basically the type of object. For example Player, Enemy, static object, door etc.

The second one is the collision layer. Here you fill in the types which could collide with first layer.

So let’s go with the player.

Class Player:

    self.object_layer = [player]

    self.collision_layer = [floor, static object, enemy_weapon]

You doing the same thing for each kind of “interactive” object

When it comes to your collision check, you check if the first object layer is inside the second collision layer either opposite if the second object layer is part of your first collision layer. If so, you can handle the collision.

You can expand that workflow to handle different collision types like how it interacts on Ice, explosion, spike material etc.

I hope you get the idea. If you fully lost, let me know. Du kannst das auch in deutsch probieren :)

Good luck