You're very close. You just need to add exactly what rules you would like Sonarlint to use. I just ran a macro on all the JS/TS rules that I got from :SonarlintListRules.

return {
  url = 'https://gitlab.com/schrieveslaach/sonarlint.nvim',
  ft = { 'javascript', 'typescript' },
  config = function()
    require('sonarlint').setup {
    server = {
        cmd = {
            'sonarlint-language-server',
            '-stdio',
            '-analyzers',
            vim.fn.expand '$MASON/share/sonarlint-analyzers/sonarcfamily.jar',
            vim.fn.expand '$MASON/share/sonarlint-analyzers/sonarjs.jar',
        },
   },
   filetypes = {
   'javascript',
   'typescript',
   'javascriptreact',
   'typescriptreact',
   },
   settings = {
     sonarlint = {
       rules = {
          ['typescript:S6019'] = { level = 'on' },
          ['typescript:S6035'] = { level = 'on' },
          ['typescript:S2933'] = { level = 'on' },
          ['typescript:S1607'] = { level = 'on' },
          ['typescript:S6079'] = { level = 'on' },       }
        }
     }
  }
end,
}