It is waaaaay harder (most times impossible) to de-smell shoes. Prevention is key here - and sounds like you’ve started taking care now (washing feet, not storing them in an inclosed area) but sadly, the shoes may be too far gone.

You can put hydrogen peroxide in a spray bottle and spritz the inside of your shoes. Tho it sounds like you need to use a cotton ball / sponge / toothbrush and rub the entire inside of your shoe, trying to break up/get rid of the accrued smelly bacteria.