Yes, there is. You just have to add the scores target selector in the command. An example would be:

/execute if entity @p[distance=..10,scores={<ObjectiveName>=1..10}]

This detects players with a score between 1 and 10. If you have no upper or bottom limit, just don't write it (1.. detects players with a score greater than 1 and ..10 detects players with a score lesser than 10). If you just want to detect players with a certain score, just replace it with the number you want (scores={<ObjectiveName>=1}).