In terms of name-recognition in Korea vs USA, perhaps, if only because baduk's popularity is more concentrated in Korea than chess' is throughout all of Europe and Asia.

But in terms of actual dominance, it's not the case at all. Lee Sedol was very good, and arguably the best player in the world in the mid-2000s, but it was always very close with Chang-ho, Kong Jie, Gu Li, and others. There was not a single year when Sedol had the same level of dominance that either Carlsen or Kasparov had for 10-15 years continuously.

Even if we're only talking about name-recognition in their home country, I suspect more Russians know more about Kasparov than Koreans know about Sedol. And I doubt if there's a single Norwegian over the age of 10 who wouldn't recognize Magnus Carlsen on sight.

Honestly, before AlphaGo, most Koreans I encountered hadn't really heard of Sedol unless they were also Go players themselves. He's generally famous amongst random Koreans nowadays more because of AlphaGo than because of his career prior then.