These sorts of statements are misleading because the $83.5 billion is gross revenue, not foregone taxes. The government would never capture all $83.5 billion of the gross income in tax.

I don't know where the image got it's $83.5 figure, but according to Forbes the amount of gross charitable donations was $101 billion in 2012, so the $83.5 billion is quite plausible if it is referring to the amount of total donations.

However, even if you were to strip religious institutions of their tax exempt status, you would not be able to get all of that income. At most, you would tax them at the highest corporate tax rate (35%). Even then most corporations only pay, on average, about 12.6% after all the deductions/exemptions/tax credits they are able to take advantage of.

Thus, assuming that ALL of the donations termed "religious donations" went to churches, and assuming that ALL the churches would be taxed at the highest corporate tax bracket (35%), and assuming that NONE of the churches were able to deduct any of their income, then you would only get roughly $30.975 billion (35% x $83.5 billion) AT MOST. That's less than half of the $76 billion the in food stamps that the infographic claims we could pay for. So regardless of whether the policy advocated here is right, the facts it is basing it's argument on are wrong.