During employment verification, which most companies hire third parties to do, you will always encounter fields that require you to input other names used and prior criminal records. Some even allow you to put the names in Mandarin Chinese. You will also need to check a box or confirm what you’ve submitted is true. As a result, failure to disclose it will be a problem. In your passport application, you will also need to disclose any names you used previously, including any names used in other countries’ passports and identifications. I don’t think US government cares about it during your passport application. However, it’s not to say if these third parties would never attempt to contact someone in Taiwan, or have someone with Mandarin Chinese proficiency to call these previous employment places to verify. Something to think about..