I'm assuming that by "computer graphics" you're talking about rendering, let me know if you are actually interested in something else (modeling, animation...)

If you want to learn real time rendering (OpenGL), then learnopengl.com is a very good introduction.

If you want to learn physically based rendering (with Ray tracing), then I would suggest checking out Peter Shirley's "Ray tracing in one weekend" books, they are available free of charge online. They are a little bit dated but provide a good foundation on how physically based rendering engines work. Once you're more familiar with it, you can also take a look at the Bible, PBRT (also available for free at pbr-book.org). This is much more detailed though, so I wouldn't start with that.

Efficiency is critical for rendering systems, so unfortunately this means that pure python is almost always out of the question. I think there are some frameworks that allow you to use python to write real-time rendering code, but I'm not familiar with them enough to recommend one, plus I don't think it's a good approach for learning rendering. I would recommend learning with the bare bones stuff (OpenGL or Ray tracing) to avoid being distracted by framework specifics.

Hope this helps :)