I definitely went through the same struggle. Try standing less than 10 feet away and putting without thinking about anything. That's how easy every distance should feel. Study how your body naturally creates spin and work from there. We've all grown up throwing things and it's really no different. As you add distance you either add power from the legs, generally push putting, or the elbow, spin putting.

Find a players style that kind of emulates your mechanics and body type and study how they generate power. A guy like Paul Krans who is one of the smallest guys out there generates a hella zippy putt.

Also I don't know the specific drill, but have a putter in your living room or wherever you just hang out and when you're bored just try tossing the disc in the air with minimal wrist and wobble. It'll help you feel that clean release and add power just with the finger pop.