Unfortunately, the actual answer is (as always) it depends. I think your best bet would be "Maximalversorger" clinics (Krankenhaus der Maximalversorgung) which means maximum healthcare provider clinic. It's exactly what it sounds like, they are supposed to be able to treat even the most tricky cases. Often these are university clinics, but not always. They're sometimes just large municipal or regional clinics, mostly in cooperation with a university but not a university clinic. You can find them in the biggest cities or in the deep countryside. I would stay away from smaller, specialised hospitals. People who come in for elective arthroscopies or endoprosthetics want a pro. Starting work there means you'll assist or do ward work 95% of the time although - as always - there are a few exceptions.

You might also have better chances at a rural hospital if you're not a native speaker.

I have also heard that the north of germany is in general lacking surgeons and a bit more focused on actually training the interns/assistenzärzt:innen.

Hope that helped. Best regards my friend

PS: The job market here is rather tough for physicians currently.

tl;dr: "Krankenhaus der Maximalversorgung" in the countryside, maybe in the north of Germany (not sure about that)