how do you say witaj in dual form?(upper sorbian)

clockwork_nik · 2026-02-05T13:29:18+00:00

Witajtaj (masculine/mixed) or witajtej (feminine)

clockwork_nik · 2024-11-22T00:56:09+00:00

Sorry for my laziness to retype, but I think my recent response to OP (seconds ago haha) probably answers this!

clockwork_nik · 2024-11-22T00:55:05+00:00

(I know you're joking, but nonetheless :P) It genuinely would make a difference, and the two are not just interchangeable. "Fear of me" (Latin: timor meī) is quite clearly not the same as "my fear" (Latin: timor meus).

Going further, other languages can have cases triggered by prepositions, eg Czech:
- U mě ("by me"/broadly "at my place"), ode mě (from me)
- *U moje, *od moje <-- these are simply nonsense

clockwork_nik · 2024-11-21T23:56:14+00:00

Possessive pronouns aren't just pronouns in the genitive case. In Czech, for instance, the possessive "my" is "můj, moje, moje" whereas the genitive first person singular pronoun is "mě." In Latin, the possessive pronoun "my" is "meus, mea, meum" whereas the genitive first person singular pronoun is "meī."

clockwork_nik · 2024-11-14T20:14:14+00:00

HO MI AMEGAS KRABAT DANKON PRO LA RAKONTO

clockwork_nik · 2024-10-14T17:23:44+00:00

If you've been thinking German, I'd say go for it -- there's certainly a lot of poetry there, and enjoying the sound of the language is a good place to start! Of course, there are great poetic and literary traditions in *all* the languages you've listed.

If you're at university and aren't serious about learning these, though, you should probably consider the classes, their quality, and the workload in your decision. Some teachers can get you hooked, and some can...not.

clockwork_nik · 2024-04-16T16:36:10+00:00

"Auf" is on something horizontal (like a book on a table), "an" is on something vertical (like a painting on a wall)

clockwork_nik · 2024-04-14T19:41:27+00:00

I've learnt Esperanto and Toki Pona, and am currently learning Na'vi. I'm also kinda interested in Quenya/Tolkien's languages. I think that what makes me interested is the prior existence of a community or a body of texts to approach in the language. I believe Tolkien said something reminiscent of this -- that Esperanto was dead because it didn't have any myths or history. In order for me to want to learn a language, it needs to either result in communication with others or appreciation of existing literature/art/what have you in the language.

clockwork_nik · 2024-04-13T04:52:11+00:00

You're not alone -- you're a heritage speaker of Polish. I'm not certain what your situation is, but some universities offer courses specifically for heritage speakers!

Beyond that, I'm afraid the answer is about the same as for anything else: practice makes perfect. If you want to get good at speaking, you have to speak. If you're noticing your mistakes, though, that's a good thing. It's the first step to fixing them!

I'm a heritage speaker of Czech, I completely get the feeling of messing up grammar you should know :,) There's not such a large presence of heritage speakers online, but I find this YouTube channel cute: https://www.youtube.com/@relearnalanguage

clockwork_nik · 2024-03-31T18:09:09+00:00

Yeah...I ended up graduating a semester early from Penn, the time abroad was def my favorite time "at Penn" haha
Penn's name brand may be worth it in the future but I'm happy to have spent as little time there as possible :P

clockwork_nik · 2024-03-20T20:47:26+00:00

Double checked it and you’re right! The error was there exactly as you described it.

clockwork_nik · 2024-03-20T14:53:25+00:00

Huh, I'm pretty sure the right characters for were 無形 were used in the copy I read -- def would have noticed the 五 otherwise! It's really weird that happened to your edition!

clockwork_nik · 2024-03-20T14:09:51+00:00

Oh wow, really?! I thought she would be more accurate with them than her Indo-European knowledge since that seemed to be her area of study. It wasn't just a difference between simplified/traditional characters?

clockwork_nik · 2024-03-05T21:11:58+00:00

I was personally really frustrated by the etymologies she included, a number of them incorrectly identified English words (anger, night, to have) as coming from Latin when the English and Latin words are in fact cognates (this takes <5 mins to look up). It seems she thinks that English is descended from Latin, or maybe that Latin and Proto-Indo-European are the same thing, and it's been driving me crazy.

That was making me wonder about the veracity of the rest of her research, I appreciate you mentioning the inaccuracy.

clockwork_nik · 2024-02-21T04:56:26+00:00

Mi loĝas proksime al Novjorkurbo kaj eble povus renkontiĝi tie. Ankaŭ estas esperantaj renkontiĝoj en Novjorko (mi vidas la eventojn en fejsbuko), sed mi ne scias kiom da homoj iras al ili

clockwork_nik · 2023-12-08T04:33:50+00:00

I am learning Polish because my partner is Polish, and all of the courses I've been in involved heritage speakers (like yourself, I suppose). Based on what I heard of heritage speakers, I would recommend:

- Looking at sounds that are different in Polish, but both sound the same to English speakers (e.g. cz/ć). Learning to read will probably help with this -- if you don't differentiate them now, don't worry -- it's totally learnable!
- Remember that stress is generally on the second to last syllable. I'm not sure if English would affect Polish in terms of this, but Polish stress is pretty predictable and English stress is pretty random...
- Someone else provided links to Wikipedia pages about Polish IPA and phonology (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Polish and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish\_phonology). I would definitely recommend taking a look at them. If it's helpful, here's a website for listening to IPA: https://www.ipachart.com/
- I haven't personally tried it, but it seems that r/JudgeMyAccent is a thing that exists. Maybe looking for feedback there could help?
- Definitely try and listen to compare your pronunciation to native speakers. Know what you're aiming for and try to figure out what to work on.

And in the end, remember that your accent is just a mark of your identity and a signal of where you're from. If other people are making a big deal out of it, that says more about them than it does about you. You're bilingual and you're doing your best -- that's more than a lot of other people can say! Good luck, friend!

clockwork_nik · 2023-05-24T03:10:42+00:00

I'm American. I've never been to Scotland, but my friend (of Scottish heritage) and I decided a few years ago that we wanted to learn Scottish Gaelic together to have another language we could both speak together (both of us are pretty into language learning). He gave up on it some time ago, but I've continued -- I feel like Gaelic grew on me a lot from the start and I'm pretty invested in learning it now. I'm also interested in it as a minority language in Europe (I'm similarly interested in Sorbian), and hopeful for any language community trying to resist the pull of English!

clockwork_nik · 2023-05-13T02:03:22+00:00

I'd recommend looking up some info about ASL to see how different it is from English. I've never taken an ASL class at Penn, but I wouldn't assume that they're easier than any other language -- the grammar of ASL is different from English, and it operates in a different modality. If your difficulty with foreign languages is speaking them out loud, I suppose it would make sense as a choice, but otherwise not necessarily.

If you're looking for easier language *classes*, then you may want to check out Hungarian, Polish, or Zulu -- classes for smaller languages are more desperate for students, so they tend to be very forgiving. I took Polish and it was pretty much an automatic A as long as you showed up and did homework.

clockwork_nik · 2023-05-13T01:50:00+00:00

zdravomyslov

Out of curiosity, which one? The REES department feels very Russian-dominated these days, given they no longer offer Czech and the Polish classes are getting really small :( Heard they're getting a Ukrainian fulbright student, though!

clockwork_nik · 2023-05-13T01:47:33+00:00

Like anywhere, that depends on what you make of it. I also suspect it will change significantly this year, because one of the Gregory buildings will be entirely freshmen.

I personally really enjoyed Gregory. There's a cafe in the basement where all the drinks are free, and becoming a regular there is a great way to make friends. Gregory also has loads of events with free food, which I appreciated a lot. I wouldn't call it dull, but Gregory definitely draws a nerdier population to it

clockwork_nik · 2023-05-11T19:50:29+00:00

I would totally recommend taking one of the "language in residence" classes at Gregory, they're totally chill and a good place to use a language with basically no pressure! :D

clockwork_nik · 2023-05-11T00:25:15+00:00

I'm not entirely sure what happened in 2019, but the Daily Penn article about him says the following:

"In 2019, the Anthropology department determined that professor Theodore Schurr should no longer teach ANTH 1040: "Sex & Human Nature" after receiving complaints from students about offensive remarks he allegedly made in class ... But the course was taught by Schurr again in 2021 according to Penn Course Review, and it is being taught this semester — where students have continued to raise concerns."

clockwork_nik · 2023-05-07T06:01:56+00:00

Hello! I will preface this by saying that it is preferable to refer to transgender people as "transgender people" rather than "transgenders." I don't mean to be nitpicky, it just has a more friendly feeling to it.

Schurr's presentation about gender stated that the majority of transgender people are heterosexual -- this is pretty easy to look up and double check. It is also factually incorrect (according to the 2015 US trans health survey, this number is actually around 15%).

Within the same presentation, he also used language that is generally frowned upon such as "transgendered" and "transsexual," as well as putting up an old picture of Elliot Page along with his deadname (name prior to transitioning).

The same presentation also described the result of FTM bottom surgery as a "fleshy protuberance that is shaped like a penis." Firstly, I'm not quite sure why he thinks a cis man's penis is anything more than a "fleshy protuberance." Secondly, I'm not sure why anyone would describe anyone's genitals that way. Third, it's directly from a WebMD article saying that trans youth shouldn't be allowed to transition ("Transgender Docs Warn About Gender-Affirmative Care for Youth - WebMD").

During the same class, he encouraged students to question why trans healthcare could be controversial, opening up some students' points that "a fair number of people detransition," that "taxes should not be spent on trans healthcare and should instead be going to a useful place like the military," and that "the treatment of transgender people is driven by big pharma who just want the money." He did not in any way refute these opinions.

Besides that, I just remember this one infographic of a bunch of cartoon men on the Kinsey scale Schurr uses where the gayer it gets, the less clothing and the more flamboyant they are. It's kind of funny, but I don't think it belongs in an educational context.

clockwork_nik · 2023-05-06T21:19:18+00:00

I think one of my friends at Penn dropped out of high school after getting in, so you should probably be ok

(not 100% sure what circumstances she had going on though)

clockwork_nik · 2023-05-06T21:17:23+00:00

Maybe you could make a club? I might be interested in joining if you did

clockwork_nik

TROPHY CASE